International Journal of Histology and Cytology

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-009, May, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Direct shoot organogenesis from petiole and leaf discs of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

Bimal Kumar Ghimire¹, Eun Soo Seong², Eun Hye Kim¹, Kabir Lamsal², Chang Yeon Yu² and Ill Min Chung¹*

¹Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.

²Department of Applied Plant Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea.

Accepted 27 March, 2022

Abstract 

An efficient and reproducible procedure is described for direct shoot regeneration using petiole and leaf explants of Withania somnifera (L.) . The shoots were mainly induced from the distal end of the petiole, whereas in leaf explants, shoot regeneration was initiated from the basal part and wounded tissue. The regeneration medium that induced the highest numbers of shoots in the petiole and leaf explants was Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg/l N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) alone or with 0.1 mg/l a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The frequency of shoot regeneration was greatly influenced by the type of explant, the carbon source, the orientation of the explant, and the basal medium used in the regeneration medium. Explants produced shoot buds and adventitious shoots within four weeks. Histological analysis of the regenerating shoots showed that the shoot buds emerged from sub epidermal parenchymal cells, with no intermediate callus formation. Plantlets were rooted on MS alone or MS containing different concentrations of 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA). The addition of 1 mg/l IBA to the medium was most effective in inducing root formation. The regenerated plantlets were acclimatized in the greenhouse and successfully transferred to the field, with a 90% survival rate. The acclimatized plants showed normal flowering and were not morphologically different from the seed-derived mother plants.

Key words: Histology, medicinal plant, plant growth regulator, plant regeneration, Withania somnifera.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 9 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Protective role of flaxseed oil against lead acetate induced oxidative stress in testes of adult rats

Ahmed E. Abdel Moniem¹*, Mohamed A. Dkhil^1,2 and Saleh Al-Quraishy²

¹Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

²Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Accepted 9 March, 2022

Abstract

Even though the toxic effects of lead compounds had been studied over many years, inconsistent results have been obtained about their oxidative stress in the testes of adult rats. Lead acetate (20 mg/kg) alters the histology of testes as well as enhances lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production in both serum and testes with concomitant reduction in glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Moreover, lead acetate induced DNA fragmentation in testes of rats. Treatment of rats with flaxseed oil (1000 mg/kg) resulted in marked improvement in all studied parameters. On the basis of the aforementioned results, it can be hypothesized that flaxseed oil is a promising natural product to protect against lead acetate induced oxidative stress and toxicity in rats.

Key words: Lead, flaxseed oil, oxidative stress, testes, rat.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 9 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Potential activity of ethanolic extract of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) rhizomes extract in accelerating wound healing in rats

A.  A. Mahmood¹*, Abdalbasit A. Mariod², Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab², Salmah Ismail¹ and Fouad Al-Bayaty³

¹Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ²Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 71, Khartoum, North Sudan.

² Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

³Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Technology Mara, 40000, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Accepted 25 February, 2022 

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of topical application of ethanol extract of Boesenbergia rotunda rhizomes on the rate of wound healing closure and histology of healed wound. An area of uniform wound 2.00 cm in diameter using circular stamp, was excised from the nape of the dorsal neck of all rats with the aid of round seal. The animal groups were topically treated with 0.2 ml of each vehicle (gum acacia), Intrasite gel, 100 and 200 mg/ml of ethanol extract, respectively. Macroscopically, wound dressed with rhizomes extract and Intrasite gel significantly healed earlier than those treated with vehicle. Histological analysis of healed wounds with rhizomes extract showed comparatively less scar width at wound closure and healed wound contained less inflammatory cells and more collagen with angiogenesis compared to wounds dressed with vehicle. In conclusion, wounds dressed with rhizomes extract significantly enhanced the acceleration of wound healing enclosure in rats.

Key words: Boesenbergia rotunda, rhizomes, ethanol extract; wound healing, histology.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 9 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of toxic effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum leaf aqueous extract on development of long bone tissue in rat fetus

Ziba Mozaffari^1,2, Mahnaz Azarnia³ and S. Abdolhamid Angaji³*

¹Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran.

²Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran.

³Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran, Iran.

Accepted 27 January, 2022

Abstract

In the present study, the adverse effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum leaves aqueous extract (TGLE) on the organogenesis stage of Sprague-Dawley rat fetus was investigated; particularly, the effect on fetal development of the hind limb long bone. TGLE was administered in pregnant rats by intra peritoneal (i.p) injection at the dose levels of 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 g/kg/day on the 10th day of gestation. Then all rats were sacrificed on the 20th day of gestation and fetuses were removed from their uterus. The fetuses were assayed for histopathological signs of long bone. The results indicated that the treatment with TGLE 3.2 g/kg/day were significantly different in long bone structure and growth histology details disorder in comparison with the control group (P < 0.001). The treated group showed a correlation with the histopathological changes of long bone tissue in their fetuses. As a consequence, if only TGLE is used without consumption of any herbal plant concurrently, TGLE has toxic potential on pregnant rats at the highest dose level 3.2 g/kg/day. It showed that the extract has adverse effects on the development of hind limb long bone by disorder in the histology details of cell structure and growth into long bone during endochondral ossification. Thus TGLE at the highest dose level, may cause severe adverse alterations in rat fetus. Proper clinical research should be carried out to confirm the same activity in humans.

Key words: Trigonella foenum-graecum extract, toxicology, long bone of rat fetus.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anti-ulcerogenic activity of Gynura procumbens leaf extract against experimentally-induced gastric lesions in rats

A. A. Mahmood¹*, Abdalbasit A. Mariod², Fouad Al-Bayaty³ and Siddig Ibrahim Abdel-Wahab⁴

¹Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

²Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 71, Khartoum North, Sudan.

³Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University Technology Mara, 40000, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Accepted 25 November, 2021

Abstract

Several plants are used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders. Gynura procumbens is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional treatment of many aliments. In this study, G. procumbens ethanolic leaf extract (GPELE) was used to investigate its gastroprotective effect in adult Sprague dawley rats which were divided into six groups. The rats were orally pre-treated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution (ulcer control groups), omeprazole 20 mg/kg (reference group), 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of GPELE in CMC solution (experimental groups), one hour before oral administration of absolute ethanol to generate gastric mucosal injury. After an additional hour, the rats were sacrificed and the ulcer areas of the gastric walls were determined. The ulcer control group exhibited severe mucosal injury, whereas groups pre-treated with GPELE exhibited significant protection of gastric mucosal injury. These findings were also confirmed by histological studies. Acute toxicity study with a higher dose of 5 g/kg did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats. These results suggest that GPELE promotes ulcer protection as ascertained grossly by significant reduction of ulcer area, and histologically by comparatively decreases in ulcer areas, reduction or absence of edema and leucocytes infiltration of submucosal layer compared to ulcer control group.

Key words: Gynura procumbens, cytoprotection, gastric ulcer, histology, ethanolic extract.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 8 (10), pp. 001-004, October, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Fertility enhancing effects of aqueous stem bark extract of Lophira lanceolata in male Spargue dawley rats

E. U. Etuk * and A. A. Muhammad

Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Accepted 1 September, 2021

Abstract

Lophira lanceolata stem bark extract is commonly used by herbalists in Sokoto state for the treatment of fertility related problems in males. Recently the sexual stimulatory effect of the plant in male rats has been reported. The present study examined the effect of 7 days oral administration of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight of the plant stem bark extract on fertility indices (Sperm motility, Sperm number and Sperm morphology) in male Sprague dawley rats. The extract produced a significant and dose dependent increase (p < 0.05) in the sperm number of the rats. There was no significant change in the sperm motility and morphology. There was a decrease in the blood level of Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) but no significant increase in the levels of Leutinizing hormone (LH) and Testosterone. Testicular histology examination revealed increased spermatogenesis. L. lanceolata may have the potentials of being developed into a male fertility enhancing drug.

Key words: Lophira lanceolata, fertility enhancer, sperm number, testes.