International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3847 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-007, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Phenotypic Diversity Studies of Coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex. Froehn) Landrace Accessions and an Accession from Germplasm Using Morphological Markers                                                 

^1,3*Baba Nitsa,  M., ³Odiyi,  A.C., ³Akinyele, B.O., ³Aiyelari, O.P., ¹Dada, K. E., ³Fayeun,  L.S., ¹Anagbogu, C.F., ²Idrisu, M. and ²Ugioro, O.

¹Crop Improvement Division, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan

²Agronomy Section, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan

³Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo, State, Nigeria.

Accepted 15 October, 2020

Abstract 

Six landrace accessions of robusta coffee and one accession from CRIN coffee germplasm were used for this study. Ate-kekere (ATK), Shekoni (SEK), Iyamuye (IY1), Kabba bunu (KB3), Omu-Alagbede (OMA), Oranre (ORA1) were farmer`s cultivars, while C105 is the accession from coffee germplasm. GPS was used to take coordinate of collection areas. Experiments were conducted at two locations for two years 2018 to 2019, in randomized complete block design, with three replicates. Data was collected on morphological traits: plant height, stem diameter, numbers of branches, numbers of leafs, inter node length, leaf length and leaf width. All observations were recorded and subjected to ANOVA using SAS package V. (9.1) and Minitab package V. (17). There were variations in all morphological characters, with ATK (67.25) being the tallest among all the accessions. OMA (48.22) was observed to be the shortest among other accessions. ATK had significant highest mean number of branches (15.83) and of leaves (38.67) when compared to other accessions. Locations tend to have significant effect on the performance of accessions. Plants at Ibadan show significant better performance in morphological traits than plants at Owena. Year 2019 revealed significant improvement in morphological traits as compared to 2018, but number of branches was not different significantly. Dendrogram hierarchically grouped the accessions based on geographical area of collection (North Central and Southwest), implies that morphological traits could be used to classify cultivars for characterization based on area of core collection and for establishment of germplasm bank.

Key words: landrace robusta coffee, accessions, morphological markers, diversity studies and locations.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-008, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Study of influence of temperature regimes on germination characteristics and seed reserves mobilization in wheat

S. Sikder¹* and N. K. Paul²

¹Department of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

²Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh.

Accepted 16 July, 2020

Abstract

In a laboratory, experiment germination characteristics and seed reserves mobilization of wheat cultivars were evaluated at three temperature regimes (16, 26 and 36°C). Four heat tolerant cultivars (Gourab, Sourav, Kanchan and Shatabdi) and two heat sensitive cultivars (Sonora and Kalyansona) were used as study materials. Germination characteristics expressed as rate of germination, coefficient of germination and germination vigor index, increased with an increase in temperature. The shoot dry weight and shoot to root dry weight ratio, increased with increasing temperature. But in root dry weight, the highest values were found to be 26°C compared to 16 and 36°C temperature. The dry matter distributed in shoot and the respiratory loss, increased with increasing temperature in all the cultivars. But these increments were greater at 16 - 26°C than those at 26 - 36°C. Therefore, temperature had a profound effect on seed metabolic efficiency (SME). At moderate temperature (26°C), all the cultivars showed the highest SME than the lowest (16°C) and highest temperatures (36°C). Heat tolerant cultivars attained higher SME (2.55 - 2.88 g/g) than those of heat sensitive cultivars (Sonora and Kalyansona) (2.00 - 2.1 g/g).

Key words: Wheat, temperature, germination, seed metabolic efficiency.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-004, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of IBA and age of cuttings on rooting behaviour of Jatropha Curcas L. in different seasons in western Himalaya, India

Arvind Bijalwan¹* and Tarun Thakur²

¹Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM) P.O.-357, Nehru Nagar, Bhopal-462 003, India

²Scientist, Mission Biofuel India Private Limited, IIT Pawai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Accepted 08 July, 2020

Abstract

Present study deals with the effect of different concentrations of IBA on rooting behaviour of Jatropha curcas L. stem cuttings in different seasons. The study was carried out in Western Himalayan region in Uttarakhand, India during 2005-2006 in spring, monsoon and winter season. The juvenile and mature cuttings of J. curcas were treated with different concentration of IBA (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 ppm) for 12 h and rooting behaviour was observed 60 days after planting. Juvenile and mature cuttings treated with IBA at1500 and 2000 ppm respectively showed highest rooting response. The sprouting in juvenile cuttings varied from 34.2% in winter to 100.0% in monsoon season while the mature cutting varied from 24.6% in winter to 64.3% in monsoon season. The rooting % in juvenile cuttings varied from 24.1% in winter to 90.5% in monsoon and the mature cutting from 21.7% in winter to 60.8% in monsoon. The IBA treated juvenile cuttings showed the rooting behaviour in the order: 1500ppm > 2000 ppm > 1000 ppm > 500 ppm > 2500 ppm > control and the IBA treated mature cuttings showed the order: 2000 ppm > 1500 ppm > 1000 ppm> 2500 ppm > 500 ppm >control.

Key words: Juvenile cutting, mature cutting, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), sprouting percentage, rooting percentage, number of roots, root length.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-010, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Kinetics of drumstick leaves ( Moringa oleifera) during convective drying

Monica Premi*, H. K Sharma, B. C. Sarkar and C. Singh

Department of Food Engineering and Technology Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal 148106, India.

Accepted 09 September, 2020

Abstract

Drying characteristics of drumstick leaves (Moringa oleifera) were investigated in a convective type dryer for a temperature range 50 to 80^˚C at constant air velocity, 0.5 m/s. Results indicated that drying took place in the falling rate period. The sample dried at 60^˚C was found better in color as compared to the samples obtained at 50, 70 and 80^˚C. The chroma of the samples, dried in between 50 to 80˚C was ranged 4.9238 to 9.5258 and was the least, 4.9238 for the sample dried at 60^˚C, validating the sensory results. Moisture transfer from drumstick leaves was described by applying the Fick’s diffusion model, and the effective moisture diffusivity was calculated. Effective moisture diffusivity increased with increasing temperature. An Arrhenius relation with an activation energy value of 12.50 kJ/mol expressed the effect of temperature on the moisture diffusivity. Mathematical models were fitted to the experimental data and the performance of these models was evaluated by comparing the coefficient of determination (R²) and reduced chi-square ( ²) between the observed and predicted moisture ratio. Verma model gave the best results for describing the drying kinetics of drumstick leaves.

Key words: Drumstick leaves, convective drying, mathematical modelling, effective moisture diffusivity, activation energy.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-006, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Determining genetic diversity based on ribosomal intergenic spacer length variation in Marama bean (Tylosema esculentum) from the Omipanda area, Eastern Namibia

E. Nepolo¹, P. M. Chimwamurombe¹*, C. A. Cullis² and M. A. Kandawa-Schulz³

¹Department of Biological Sciences, University of Namibia, P. Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia.

²Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

³Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, P. Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia.

Accepted 27 July, 2020

Abstract

Marama bean [Tylosema esculentum (Burchell) L. Schreiber] is an under-utilized non- nodulating legume, native to the arid and semi-arid areas of Southern Africa, including Namibia, South Africa and Botswana. Its primary benefit to man is based upon the high nutritional value of the seeds. The protein content is slightly higher than that of soybeans and the oil content is twice that of soybeans and approaches that of peanuts. There is an increasing interest in its cultivation, due to its potential as a cash crop and food source, especially in the face of climate changes. In this study, the intergenic spacers (IGS) region of the large ribosomal DNA gene was amplified to assess length variation in Marama bean. A pair of primers based in the conserved ribosomal DNA coding region, but both reading out the coding region, was used to amplify the IGS that separates the repeat units within the tandem arrays of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes. A total of 79 scorable bands were generated by the primer pair used, of which 7 alleles were polymorphic. The rDNA genes proved to be a useful tool for identifying the genetic variation of Marama bean which will be the basis of its effective domestication.

Key words: Marama bean genetic diversity, rDNA gene, intergenic spacer, Tylosema esculentum.