International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3847 Vol. 10 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2023.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Performance of nine cassava (MANIHOT  ESCULANTA Crantz) clones across three environments

Peprah Bright Boakye¹*, Ofori Kwadwo², Asante Isaac K.³ and Elizabeth Yaa Parkes^1,4

¹Crops Research Institute, Fumesua, Kumasi, P. O. Box 3785, Ghana.

²Department of Crops Science, University of Ghana, Legon.

³Department of Botany, University of Ghana, Legon.

⁴International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 18 January, 2023

Abstract

The study was carried out to quantify the genotype × environment interaction (G × E) and to estimate the phenotypic stability by genotype genotype × environment (GGE) biplot of nine cassava clones comprising 5 hybrids, 3 parent checks and 1 improved variety. The study was planted across three different environments; Fumesua, Pokuase and Ejura representing forest, coastal savanna and forest transition zones, respectively. Genotype main effect was significant (P < 0.001) for fresh root yield and dry matter content, G × E interaction effect was significant (P < 0.001) for fresh root yield only and environment main effect was significant (P < 0.01) for only fresh root yield. The most stable clone for fresh root yield with above average performance was La02/026 (hybrid). The high genotype and low environment effects, and the relatively low interaction on dry matter content imply that evaluation and selection can be effectively done in fewer environments to select clones with high performance for the trait whiles fresh root yield requires multiple environments to identify clones with broad and specific adaptation.

Key words: Genotype genotype × environment (GGE) biplot, stability, fresh foot yield, dry matter content, cassava.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3847 Vol. 10 (3), pp. 001-010, March, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Heterosis and combining ability among West African pearl millet improved and landrace varieties

Issaka Ahmadou^1,2*, Ofori Kwadwo², Gracen Edward Vernon^2,3, Danquah Yirenkyi Eric²

¹West African Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana Legon, Accra, Ghana / Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN), Niger

²West African Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana Legon, Accra, Ghana [email protected] (O.K), [email protected] (D.Y.E)

³West African Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana Legon – Accra, Ghana / Cornell University USA [email protected]

Accepted 08 February, 2023

Abstract

Heterosis and CA of sixteen hybrids developed from eight varieties belonging to two putative heterotic groups were studied. Entries were tested in two locations during two years in RCBD. Data on yield and productivity related traits were recorded. Eight hybrids outyielded the check which in turn performed better than the best parent. Hybrids were more stable than all of the parents. Parents HKB, Ankoutess, and Gamoji had the best GCA for grain yield. Gamoji x HKB, involving two parents with high and positive GCA, showed the highest SCA and the best mid-parent heterosis for grain yield. Ex-Borno, H80-10Gr, Moro, and HKP-GMS had negative GCA for grain yield, but the hybrids Ex-Borno x H80-10Gr and Moro x HKP-GMS showed high and positive SCA for this trait. Increased grain yield was found to be positively and highly correlated with peduncle girth while hybrids showed more phenotypic uniformity than their parents. Mean squares for GCA were significant for most traits underlining the importance of additive gene effects. The ratio GCA/SCA for grain yield was less than one indicating the prevalence of non-additive gene effects in the yield control. There was G x E interactions suggesting the necessity of further testing of the germplasm.

Keywords: Pearl millet, Hybrid, Heterosis, GCA, SCA, G x E.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3847 Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3847 Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Rapid and high-precision marker assisted backcrossing to introgress the SUB1 QTL into the Vietnamese elite rice variety

Tran Dang Khanh¹*, Le Hung Linh¹, Ta Hong Linh¹, Le Huy Ham¹ and Tran Dang Xuan²

¹Department of Molecular Biology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam.

²Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC), Hiroshima University, Japan.

Accepted 28 September, 2022

Abstract

Submergence stress regularly influences about 15 million hectares of rice growing areas in South and Southeast Asia. Vietnam is one of the most vulnerable countries affected by submergence stress in Asia. Submergence caused by typhoons and floods is one of the major reasons for rice production losses in this country. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 9, SUB1, has provided the opportunities to apply marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) to develop submergence tolerant for an elite variety that is popularly grown in Vietnam. Improving rice tolerance with submergence is vital to minimize the risks from submergence stress. In this study, we reported a successful application of MABC method to select a line number 19 in BC₂F₁ populations that has genetic background up to 89.8%.

Key words: Bac Thom 7 (BC7), marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC), submergence tolerance.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3847 Vol. 9 (7), pp. 001-011, July, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Generation Mean Analysis for Yield and Yield Related Traits in Five Tomato Genotypes in Kenya

FK Kathimba¹*, PM Kimani¹, RD Narla¹, and LM Kiriika²

¹Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya.

²Department of Horticulture and Food Security, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 6200-00620, Nairobi, Kenya.

Running Head: Inheritance of Yield and Yield Related Traits

Accepted 19 July, 2022

Abstract

The study aimed to determine inheritance of tomato yield and yield related traits in Kenya. Six generations were developed. Experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with crosses as main plots and generations as subplot at two sites. The six generations in all crosses performed better at Kabete compared to Mwea site. Significant yield increase of ≥18.11% per plant was registered in F₁ and F₂ generationsin comparison to parental genotypes. Cross Roma VF x AVTO1429 had the highest yield of 5.59 and 5.39kg plant^-1in F₂ and F₁ generations, respectively. Highly significant additive, dominance, additive x additive, dominance x dominance and additive x dominance effects were noted in total soluble sugars and number of fruits per plant while significant dominant and additive x additive interaction effects were noted in fruit firmness and fruit width traits. BC₁P₂ of cross Roma VF x Valoria select had the highest TSS Brix of 4.00%. P_2, F₁ and F₂ hybrids and BC₁P₂ of cross Roma VF x Valoria select had the highest number of fruits. The importance of gene effects for inheritance was in additive and dominance-additive portions of genetic traits expressions which implied that the traits were inherited.

Key words: Generation mean, inheritance, tomato, yield traits, additive, dominance

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3847 Vol. 9 (6), pp. 001-011, June, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genetic Control of Total Phenolic Content and some Kernel Compositional Traits in Purple Maize

Timilehin Gbemisola Oladipo¹ and Ayodeji Abe²*

¹Pan African University, Life and Earth Sciences Institute (Including Health and Agriculture), University of Ibadan, Ibadan

²Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Accepted 27 April, 2022

Abstract

Purple maize kernels are rich in phytochemicals and nutrients which can be exploited to promote human health. A better understanding of the genetic mechanisms controlling these qualities, which could also be dependent on the choice of parents and their role in the cross, is important for their improvement. This study was conducted to: investigate the nature and relative importance of gene effects involved in the inheritance of total phenolic content (TPC) and proximate composition in reciprocal crosses between two maize lines (UIp01 and TZi3) with purple and white kernels, respectively using generation mean analysis. Kernels of F₁, F₂ and backcross generations derived from UIp01 × TZi3 and TZi3 × UIp01 and the parents were assessed for TPC and proximate composition following standard procedures. Analysis of variance revealed that the populations differed significantly for all traits, except moisture content. Reciprocal differences were observed only for TPC indicating the influence of maternal parent in its inheritance. Heritability estimates were moderate (0.4-0.5) to high (0.7-0.9) for most traits. Results showed the importance of non-additive effects over additive effects for starch and fat contents, and varying levels of additive and non-additive effects for TPC, moisture, protein, ash and fiber contents.

Keywords: Gene action, heritability, purple maize, reciprocal effects, total phenolic contents.