ISSN 2756-3847
Research Article
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 6 (8), pp. 001-009, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to different rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on vertisols at Debre Berhan, in the central highlands of Ethiopia
Zelalem A., Tekalign T. and Nigussie D.
Haramaya University, College of Agriculture, Department of Plant Sciences, P. O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
Accepted 13 February, 2019
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to different rates of nitrogen (N) applied as urea (0, 69, 138 and 207 kg/ha) and phosphorus (P) (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg/ ha) fertilization on Vertisols of Debre Berhan in the highlands of central Ethiopia. Application of 207 kg N/ha delayed days to flowering and physiological maturity by four and nine days, respectively compared to the control. Similarly, it increased plant height by 24 cm, above ground biomass by 224.5%, underground biomass by 108%, marketable tuber yield by 175%, total tuber yield by 119%, marketable tuber number by 95.6%, total tuber number by 34% and average tuber weight by 82% over the control. On the contrary, nitrogen fertilization significantly reduced tuber specific gravity and dry matter content without affecting stem number, unmarketable tuber yield and number, and harvest index. Application of 60 kg P/ha significantly increased days to flowering by two days, plant height by 10.5 cm, aboveground and underground biomass by 32 and 28% respectively, marketable tuber yield by 60%, and marketable tuber number by 43%. Other parameters such as days to physiological maturity, stem number, total tuber yield and number, unmarketable tuber yield and number, average tuber weight, specific gravity, dry matter content and harvest index were not significantly influenced by phosphorus fertilization. Total tuber yield was positively correlated with total tuber number (r = 0.60***), marketable tuber number (r = 0.87***) and average tuber weight (r = 0.81***) indicating that tuber yield increase in response to the fertilization was due to the increase both in tuber number and weight. It was observed that application of 138 kg N and 20 kg P/ha is required for optimum productivity of Gorebiella variety on the vertisols of Debere Berhan in the central highlands of Ethiopia under rain fed conditions.
Key words: Debre Berhan, fertilizer, potato, quality, vertisols, yield.
Zelalem A., Tekalign T. and Nigussie D.
Page: 1 - 9
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1069Short Communication
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 6 (7), pp. 001-003, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Bactericidal activity of Pistacia atlantica. Desf mastic gum against certain pathogens
Bachir Raho Ghalem* and Benali Mohamed
Biotoxicology Laboratory, Biology Institute, Science Faculty, Djillali Liabès University of Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria.
Accepted 14 April, 2019
Abstract
The hydro-distilled essential oils from the exudates of Pistacia atlantica. Desf stems have been tested against three bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) using three different methods (agar disc diffusion method, minimal inhibitory concentration and Maruzella method, and showed antimicrobial activity against all these microbes.
Key words: Antibacterial activity, essential oil, gum of Pistacia atlantica.
Bachir Raho Ghalem*, Benali Mohamed
Page: 1 - 3
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1068Research Article
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 6 (7), pp. 001-012, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Biocontrol of wilt disease complex of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) by isolates of Pseudomonas spp.
Z. A. Siddiqui* and U. Shakeel
Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India.
Accepted 10 April, 2019
Abstract
Biocontrol of wilt disease complex of pigeon pea, caused by Meloidogyne incognita, Heterodera cajani and Fusarium udum, was studied using 21 isolates of fluorescent Pseudomonads isolated from pathogen suppressive soils. The isolates Pf 718, Pf 719 and Pf 736 of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pa 737 of P. aeruginosa caused 79, 84, 87 and 93% reductions in hatching of M. incognita, and showed inhibition in the growth of F. udum in the dual inoculation. Isolate Pf736 caused 309, 9 and 78% increases in seedling growth, phosphate solubilization and IAA production respectively and also showed moderate HCN production. Isolate Pa737 was the best to colonize roots of pigeon pea followed by Pf736. The effects of these four isolates (Pf718, Pf719, Pf736 and Pa737) were studied on the wilt disease complex both in mono and multi-pathogenic combinations. The isolates Pf736 caused greater increase in plant growth and higher reduction in nematode multiplication and wilting index followed by Pa737, Pf718 and Pf719. The use of these isolates along with Rhizobium (pigeon pea strain) further increased plant growth and reduced nematode multiplication and wilting index. Twelve isolates production of siderophores in Chrome Azurol S (CAS) agar medium. The results suggest that P. fluorescens Pf736 along with Rhizobium may be used for the management of wilt disease complex of pigeon pea.
Keywords: Fusarium udum, Heterodera cajani, Meloidogyne incognita, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, Rhizobium.
Z. A. Siddiqui*, U. Shakeel
Page: 1 - 12
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1067Research Article
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 6 (6), pp. 001-010, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Watermelon production on stored rainwater in Sahelian sandy soils
D. Fatondji, D. Pasternak and L. Woltering*
ICRISAT Niamey, P.O. Box 12404, Niamey Niger
Accepted 14 April, 2019
Abstract
Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Matsun and Nakai ] is an important cash crop in West Africa where it is cultivated under rainfed conditions. The objective of this work was to identify best cultural practices for production of watermelons in the Sahel on stored rainwater in acid sandy soils. The experiments were carried out at the ICRISAT Sadore research center in Niger during two consecutive dry seasons, 2003 - 2004 and 2004 - 2005. Three soil management treatments were applied: micro-catchments (also called half -moons), planting pits (also called zaï) and sowing on flat land. Each of these three treatments came with and without a soil amendment comprising of 500 g of manure mixed with 24 g of a complete (NPK) fertilizer (15-15-15) individually applied to each planting hill. Two watermelon cultivars were tested: ‘Malali’ and ‘Kaolack’. In each of the two years the experiments were sown on the 1st and on the 21st of September. Fruit and biomass yield, fruit Total Soluble Solids (TSS), days to fruiting and harvesting were determined. Soil fertility, root development and other physiological parameters were monitored to explain some of the differences between treatments. Soil amendments increased marketable yields from 1.3 to 3.5 tons ha-1 on average. Marketable yields at the first planting date were double the yields of the second planting date (3.2 vs. 1.6 tons ha-1). Yield differences were due to changes in fruit number not in fruit weight. Deep placement of soil amendments resulted in significant root development in deeper soil layers. Highest watermelon yields were achieved when sowing the Malali cultivar in amended planting pits on September 1st giving a yield of 8.2 tons ha-1.
Key words: Citrullus lanatus, Malali, Kaolack, Zaï, planting pits, half moons, stored water, root development, Sahel.
D. Fatondji, D. Pasternak and L. Woltering*
Page: 1 - 10
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1066Research Article
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 6 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Studies on the pollen biology of Terminalia paniculata Roth. (Combretaceae)
Thangaraja, A.1* and Ganesan, V.2
1Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj college of Engineering and Technology, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, 626 001, India.
2Center for Research and P. G. Studies in Botany, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal college (Autonomous), Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, India.
Accepted 19 March, 2019
Abstract
Terminalia paniculata is a deciduous tree widely distributed in tropical semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forest. Flowers of T. paniculata have ten stamens, which remain inside the bud and anthesis is carried out at different times of the day. Pollen grains are medium spherical, tricolpate 17 mm in diameter, smooth exine and yellow in colour. The pollen: ovule ratio approximated 16,000: 1. Pollination efficiency was increased daily, from first day of flower opening (0.000076), reaching the maximum on third day (0.00083) and there was no pollen deposition on the fourth day. To effectively assess in- vitro pollen viability in T. paniculata, an optimized germination medium (30% sucrose with Brewbaker and Kwak’s medium) was developed. Pollen grains stored under cryopreservation (-20oC) had prolonged viability. Using the hand pollination for testing the in-vivo viability of pollen grains the maximum number of fruit set was obtained in the fresh pollen grains (0 h – pollen collected at the time of anthesis) on the stigma. Afterwards, increase in the age of the pollen decreased the fruit set. After 15 h of anthesis, the pollen grains lost their viability and there was no fruit set. The current findings will be useful in studying, pollen – pistil interactions, gene flow and heterozygosity of the T. paniculata populations.
Key words: Cryopreservation, in vitro germination, pollen storage.
Thangaraja , A.* and Ganesan, V.
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1064Research Article
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 6 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
RAPD and SSR analysis of wild oats (Avena species) from North West frontier Province of Pakistan
Zahid Hanif1, Zahoor A. Swati1, Imtiaz Khan2*, Gul Hassan2, K. B. Marwat2, sabz Ali3 and M. Ishfaq Khan2
1Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, NWFP, Agricultural University Peshawar-Pakistan.
2Department of weed science, NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar-Pakistan.
3Plant breeding group, Plant research international, Wageningen University, Netherlands.
Accepted 16 January, 2019
Abstract
Genetic diversity of 10 biotypes of wild oats (Avena species) which differ in certain morphological and physiological characters were analyzed using 9 Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 2 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) primer sets. RAPD and SSR primers revealed different levels of genetic polymorphisms among the various biotypes. Range of genetic distances estimated by using individual primers was 0 – 100 % but on an average genetic distances were in the range of 30 - 65% indicating that these biotypes were genetically very diverse and possess a high degree of polymorphism.
Key words: Wild oats, DNA, Polymorphism, RAPD, SSR.
Imtiaz Khan*, sabz Ali and M. Ishfaq Khan, Gul Hassan, K. B. Marwat, Zahoor A. Swati, Zahid Hanif
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1063