ISSN 2756-3847
Research Article
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-008, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Litter production, decomposition and physico-chemical properties of soil in 3 developed agroforestry systems of Meghalaya, Northeast India
Tripathi, O. P.*, Pandey, H. N. and Tripathi, R. S.
*Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli - 791 109, Itanagar, India.
Accepted 28 January, 2020
Abstract
The present study was conducted under 3 developed agroforestry systems that is, Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata), Alder (Alnus nepalensis) and Khasi pine (Pinus kesiya) in the state of Meghalaya, northeast India to study the litter dynamics and physico-chemical properties of soil. The findings of our investigation revealed that the soil texture in 3 systems varied from sandy to loamy sand and water holding capacity varied significantly (P < 0.05) between plots and depths. Porosity and soil temperature was higher at surface layer than into the subsurface layer. Soil was acidic in all the plots. Soil organic carbon as well as organic matter content was high in Khasi mandarin-based system than the other systems. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentration was low in all the soils. It was lowest in Khasi pine based system and a similar trend was observed in concentrations of available phosphorus and potassium. Monthly variation in litter mass varied markedly between different agroforestry systems. The leaf litter constituted 65 - 76% of total litter mass. The rate of weight loss of Alder leaf litter was much faster than other 2 species. Litter decomposition was fast during rainy season and slow during winter season. Rate of release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the decaying leaf litter of Alder occurred at much faster rate compared to Khasi mandarin and Khasi pine, however, potassium release was faster from Khasi mandarin. Total input of N, P and K through litter was higher in Khasi than other 2 species due to greater litter production.
Key words: Agroforestry systems, litter accumulation, nutrient release, soil properties, northeast India.
O. P.*, Tripathi , H. N. and Tripathi, Pandey , R. S.
Page: 1 - 8
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1094Research Article
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Genetic differentiation of Senna tora (L.) Roxb. and Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby by using RAPD markers
Vivek Tripathi*1, Sandhya Goswami2, Anil Kumar1 and Palpu Pushpangadan1
1Plant Genomics Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow-226001, India
2Betel Vine Biotechnology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow-226001, India.
Accepted 15 June, 2019
Abstract
Genetic relationships were examined among 19 accessions belonging to two Senna species by using RAPD markers. Within 60 tested primers, 9 primers only produced clear banding patterns that have been expected. An initial test of 60 primers, gave only 9 with consistently clear banding patterns. These 9 primers generated 108 scorable amplified products, of which 72 were polymorphic (66.6%). This degree of polymorphism is relatively low. An average of 12 bands was obtained per primer, ranging in size from 150 to 3530 bp. A UPGMA cluster analysis of genetic similarity indices grouped all the accessions into two major clusters corresponding to the pre-existing, species-level classification. Our result showed that RAPD technique is a sensitive, precise and efficient tool for genomic analysis in genetical discrimination of Senna species that may be useful in future studies by assigning new, unclassified germplasm accessions to specific taxonomic groups and reclassifying incorrectly classified accessions of other Senna species.
Key words: Molecular taxonomy, Senna tora L. and Senna obtusifolia L. RAPD.
Sandhya Goswami, Vivek Tripathi*, Anil Kumar and Palpu Pushpangadan
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1093Short Communication
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Antiviral properties of two Nigerian plants
O. O. Ojo*, J. O. Oluyege and O. Famurewa
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of science, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363 Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Accepted 10 June, 2019
Abstract
Ethanolic extracts were prepared from Bambusa vulgaris and Aframomum melegueta. They were analysed for antiviral activities against three human viruses namely: measles, yellow fever and polio viruses by standard laboratory tests. Both extracts showed antiviral activities against one or two viruses. B. vulgaris resulted in inhibition only on measles virus at MIC of 62.5 µg/ml while A. melegueta inhibited measles and yellow fever viruses at MICs of 125 and 250 µg/ml respectively. Polio virus type 1 was not susceptible to any of these extracts.
Key words: Bambusa vulgaris, Aframomum melegueta. antiviral measles, yellow fever and polio viruses.
O. O. Ojo*, J. O. Oluyege and O. Famurewa
Page: 1 - 3
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1092Research Article
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Physiological and anatomical comparison between four different apple cultivars under cold-storage conditions
Saleh A. M. Ghafir1, Suliman O. Gadalla1, Benissa N. Murajei1 and Mohamed Fathi El-Nady2*
1Department of Horticulture, Faculty. of Agriculture, Omar AlMukhtar University, EL-Beida, Libya.
2Department of Agriculture. Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
Accepted 14 November, 2019
Abstract
The work was carried out in two successive seasons (2005 and 2006) to investigate the storability of four apple cultivars viz. Golden Delicious, Starking Delicious, Star Cremson and Gala, which were grown under El Jabal El Akhdaer conditions, in Libya. Fruits were harvested and stored at 85-90% relative humidity and 0ºC for 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. The obtained results exhibited the significant differences between the tested cultivars in the studied parameters comprising physiological and anatomical parameters. Star Cremson cv. had a potentially high fruits storability trend, as they showed less fruit weight loss, while cv. Gala fruits had the highest level of weight loss. On the other hand, cv. Golden Delicious gave the highest values of fruit firmness, while the lowest values were obtained in fruits of cvs. Starking Delicious and Star Cremson. Fruit weight loss percent increased, while other studied parameters decreased gradually by extending storage period. Anatomical data demonstrated that fruit surface of cvs. Gala and Star Cremson were smooth, while undulate and ripples surfaces were obtained in cvs. Starking Delicious and Golden Delicious, respectively. Gala fruits had the thick cuticle layer compared to the other cultivars. Crushed parenchymatous cells (cpc) were found in storage tissue in Starking Delicious and Golden Delicious. It may be concluded that obtained results indicated a great variability among cultivars. All studied parameters of four apple cultivars reduced during cold-storage periods. The highest fruit storability was achieved in cv. Star Cremson. This study gives useful information to use the suitable cultivar for reducing the quality losses which result from postharvest diseases.
Key words: Apple cultivars, cold-storage, cuticle, crushed parenchymatous cells, storability.
Saleh A. M. Ghafir, Benissa N. Murajei and Mohamed Fathi El-Nady*, Suliman O. Gadalla
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1091Research Article
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-010, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Agronomic, culinary, and genetic characterization of selected cowpea elite lines using farmers’ and breeder’s knowledge: A case study from Malawi
K. K. Nkongolo1*, J. Bokosi2, M. Malusi1, Z. Vokhiwa3,4 and M. Mphepo2
1Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, P3A 5P8.
2University of Malawi, Bunda College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi.
3Department of Environmental Affairs, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi.
4Present address: Department of Biology, Kennesaw State University, 100 Chastain Road, Kennesaw, GA 30144-5591, USA.
Accepted 24 October, 2019
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is an important crop in Malawi. It provides dietary nutrients and income to poor-resource farmers. However production and productivity are below the potential level due to lack of suitable varieties. The objective of the study was to select the productive and diverse cowpea varieties that are acceptable to farmers and consumers using a participatory variety selection (PVS) strategy. Farmers’ perceptions based on focused group discussions, and interviews varied little among the villages. Yield was the most frequently used selection criteria by farmers, regardless of gender profile. There was great variability for seed production among entries. Other agronomic traits such as days to maturity, seed size, pod shape, disease resistance, growth habit, culinary traits including taste, cooking time, broth color and thickness were used at different stages of the selection process. Initially, farmers were invited at the research stations to select the best 20 lines out of 127 entries. These selected lines were subjected to further evaluation in community plots managed by male and female farmers. The genetic analysis revealed a high level of genetic variation among accessions and confirms the absence of redundancy within the genetic materials used. At the end, farmers selected six entries that were released in the two agricultural development divisions (ADDs). The present study is the first documented case of multidisciplinary approach for the selection of elite accessions while maintaining biodiversity.
Key words: Participatory variety selection, Vigna unguiculata, Malawi, agrobiodiversity, indigenous knowledge.
K. K. Nkongolo*, Z. Vokhiwa and M. Mphepo, J. Bokosi, M. Malusi
Page: 1 - 10
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1090Research Article
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of benzyl amino purine (BAP), coconut milk (CM) and manure applications on leaf senescence and yield in photoperiod sensitive cowpea variety (Kanannado)
F. B. Mukhtar1, M. Mohammed2 and A. H. Ajeigbe3
1Department of Biological Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
2Jigawa Research Institute, Kazaure, Jigawa State, Nigeria.
3International Institutes for Tropical Agriculture, Kano Station Nigeria.
Accepted 23 October, 2019
Abstract
The relationship between leaf senescence in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.] and yield was studied in pot grown population of a local variety, kanannado. Treatments comprising of farm yard manure (single and double application), 200 ppm benzyl amino purine (BAP), 15% coconut milk (CM) and a combination of both manure and the hormones were also applied to determine their effects on senescence and yield. The experiment was carried out at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (I.I.T.A), Kano station, Nigeria. Chlorophyll level was increased by all the treatments with greater increase in the 200ppm BAP and 15% CM treated plants. The level of chlorophyll also decreased with increase in age of the cowpea plants. Senescence commenced earlier and progressed faster in the manure treated plants while it was significantly delayed by 200ppm BAP and 15% CM. Fodder and grain yields were greater in all the treated cowpea plants compared with the control. Interactive effects were observed in the combined treatments (manure +15% coconut milk and manure +200 ppm BAP) as chlorophyll increased above that of manure and control plants. Also senescence process was delayed and yield was increased. The study suggests that leaf senescence in the photoperiod sensitive cowpea could be delayed by application of 200 ppm BAP, 15% CM and a combination of manure +15% CM and manure +200 ppm BAP and the delayed senescence resulted in increase in yield.
Key words: Farmyard manure, benzyl amino purine, coconut milk, leaf senescence, yield.
F. B. Mukhtar, M. Mohammed and A. H. Ajeigbe
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1089