International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3847 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2024. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genetic mapping of the ‘eui’ gene in rice using microsatellite markers

Pawan Khera¹*, M. G. Gangashetti^{1, 2}, Sukhpal Singh^1,3, K. Ulaganathan⁴, H. E. Shashidhar¹ and W. H. Freeman¹

¹Barwale Foundation, Research and Training Centre, Hyderabad, India.

²Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Hyderabad, India.

³Advanta India Limited, Hyderabad, India.

⁴Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

Accepted 14 November, 2023

Abstract

Development of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines with elongated uppermost internode (EUI) trait is a desirable alternative to eliminate the use of GA₃ in hybrid rice production. In this study, a simple and reliable PCR based, simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers was identified, for the eui gene to facilitate marker assisted selection (MAS). A total of 28 SSR markers, mapped in the vicinity of the genomic clone AC130605 (PD0010D04), were chosen for assessing the polymorphism between IR58025B and IR91-1591-3. A set of 151 F₂ plants derived from the cross IR58025B/IR91-1591-3 were surveyed using 15 polymorphic SSR markers. Analysis using MAPMAKER 3.0 revealed that seven SSR markers viz., RM6054, RM3870, RM3476, RM5970, RM7801, RM7446 and RM3620 were linked with eui locus at the genetic distance ranging from 1.0 to 7.1 cM with EUI phenotype. Furthermore, these markers were validated in – F₂ (IR58025A/IR91-1591-3) and backcross (IR58025B/IR91-1591-2//IR58025B) population segregating for eui gene. The SSR markers reported in this study might be useful for the incorporation of eui gene into CMS lines of rice through marker-assisted backcrossing.

Key words: Rice, cytoplasmic male sterility, elongated uppermost internode, microsatellites, marker assisted selection, panicle exsertion.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3847 Vol. 10 (6), pp. 001-009, June, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Marker Development and Fine-Mapping of Downy Mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) (DM) Resistance PlArg in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) using nested-association-mapping (NAM) Populations

Zining Wang ( ), Wayne (Hui) Shen, Géza Mészáros, Kathy Smith, David Pang, Steve Calhoun

Zining Wang( ),Wayne Shen, David Pang, S & W Seed Company, TTU Innovation Hub at Research Park, 3911 4th St, M.S. 3005, Lubbock TX 79415, USA.

Géza Mészáros, S & W Seed Company, 11 Új Élet utca, Szeged, H-6710, Hungary.

Kathy Smith, S&W Seed Company, Nampa Laboratory, 4819 Lewis Lane, NAMPA, Idaho 83686, USA.

Steve Calhoun, S&W Seed Company, 6615 Winfield St, Lubbock TX 79407, USA.

Accepted 15 March, 2023

Abstract

Downy Mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is a serious disease worldwide. The resistance gene PlArg from Helianthus argophyllus has been confirmed to be the most effective gene to date against DM races. Previously reported molecular markers for PlArg are of limited value for marker assisted selection (MAS) across diverse germplasm. In this study, we used the published markers, NAM populations, two consensus genetic maps and three versions of genome assemblies to test the flanking markers D2384 and D2395. We also developed a new SSR marker D2564, co-segregating with PlArg but in a genomic region not previously reported. After further screening new SSR markers in this region using the small population, D2317 was the closest marker to PlArg. Further, we tested D2317 with a larger NAM population of 256 families and a F2:3 population of 126 families. It co-segregated with PlArg. D2317 has four bands in the genome and lands in two resistance-like genes, HanXRQChr01g0018861 and HanXRQChr01g0018891 separately. In this study, we used comparative genomic tools and NAM populations to develop the causal marker D2317 and find candidate genes for PlArg. This marker will have broad applications for MAS and will aid the cloning of PlArg resistance genes.

Keywords: Sunflower, marker development, fine mapping, Plarg, DM resistance, recombination depression, candidate genes, MAS.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3847 Vol. 10 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in an inbred line of young embryonic sweet corn

Pitipong Thobunluepop

Faculty of Technology, Department of Agricultural Technology, Mahasarakham University, Talard Sub-District, Muang District, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand, 44000. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 14 November, 2022

Abstract

Synthetic seed consisting of somatic embryos enclosed in protective coating are a suitable tool for clonal mass propagation of elite plant varieties. The in vitro study was aimed to evaluate the optimizing medium for sweet corn somatic embryogenesis, synthetic seed production which leads to increasing germination and seed viability percentage. The in vitro study was aimed to evaluate the optimizing medium for sweet corn somatic embryogenesis, synthetic seed production which leads to increasing germination and seed viability percentage. Sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata) variety FAH01 embryogenic callus were derived from culturing immature zygotic embryos at 11 days after pollination on N6 medium that contained 2, 4- D 2 mgl^-1 and sucrose 60 gl^-1. Somatic embryos was developed after transferred embryogenic callus to N6 medium contained with 2 mgl^-1 2, 4- D and 30 gl^-1 sucrose. Sweet corn synthetic seed was produced by somatic embryos encapsulated into a protective calcium -alginate matrix with provides mechanical support, protection and is coated with a wax film to prevent desiccation. Synthetic seed were produced, it was found that when synthetic seed were treated with 60 gl^-1 sucrose and stored at 15 ± 2 degree Celsius for 2 weeks, the percentage of germination of synthetic seeds were 42%, percentage of normal seedling was 91% and abnormal seedling was 8%, and they germinated for 8 - 9 days and could produce normal plantlet. When the synthetic seed were dehydrated by silica gel until remained 60% of their moisture content and then stored for 2 weeks, they could germinated at level 23%, which 83% of normal seedling and 17% of abnormal seedling. The survival ratio in sweet corn synthetic seed in this investigation indicated that there is still some more research required to increase number of the survival seeds and the optimum storage technique to prolong their viability is also needed.

Key words: Somatic embryo, synthetic seed, sweet corn, artificial seed, tissue culture.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3847 Vol. 10 (6), pp. 001-010, June, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Java plum (Syzigium cumnii) seed germination in western Kenya: Three provenances

J. L. Okuto and G. Ouma*

Department of Botany, Maseno University, P. O. Box 333, Maseno, Kenya.

Accepted 28 March, 2023

Abstract

Indigenous fruits are very important as sources of food security, balanced households nutrition. Deforestation poses a serious threat to their survival. Domestication of these trees can be successful only if successful propagation techniques are applied. In Kenya Syzigium cuminii has become a very important indigenous fruit tree for local consumption and income generation and it mainly grows in Siaya, Vihiga and Kisumu districts. Studies were conducted in Maseno, Kenya (2004 - 2005) to investigate variation of seed germination of S. cuminii in three districts (provenances) mentioned above. The experimental design used was completely randomized design. The treatments included different watering regimes and light and darkness durations respectively. The results showed that both light and irrigation regimes significantly (P 0.05) increased the germination of S. cuminii but 24 h darkness inhibited it. The best treatment was 12 h light. S. cuminii seeds are therefore photodormant since they require light to germinate. There was no variation of seed germination among the districts (provenances).

Key words: Light, water, photodormancy, provenance, germination.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3847 Vol. 10 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A valuable source of productivity and earliness traits for the rainfed upland rice breeding program, WAB-450

Sangodele Emmanuel A.¹*, Hanchinal R. R.¹, Hanamaratti N. G.¹, Vinay Shenoy², Nadaf H. L.¹ and Mohan Kumar V.²

¹Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka State, India.

²Barwale Foundation, Hyderabad, AP, India *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 25 March, 2023

Abstract

This study focused on evaluation of introgressed population for earliness in flowering and productivity under rainfed upland rice ecosystem. The population was derived from inter-varietal cross between early maturing Africa upland land rice WAB-450, an inter-specific derivative as donor and SWARNA, a mega rice variety from India, as recurrent parent. One hundred and eighty eight (188) backcross inbred lines (BILs) with the two parents were evaluated during KHARIF 2011 at Mugad Agricultural Research Station (ARS), University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad. The BILs showed significant improvement over SWARNA for earliness in flowering and productivity under natural rainfed condition. The frequency distribution of days to 50% flowering observed in this study showed continuous variation. The distribution was normal indicating inheritance of a quantitative trait and influence of WAB-450 genome contribution in one backcross in the expression of this trait. The BILs which flower between 90 and 100 days and mature around 120 to 135 days with high yield coupled with other desired traits such as grain quality have been identified for upland rice ecosystem.

Key words: Backcross inbred lines, WAB-450, population, flowering.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3847 Vol. 10 (5), pp. 001-010, May, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Yield parameters and stabilty of soybean [Glycine max. (L.) merril] as influenced by phosphorus fertilizer rates in two ultisols

Ikeogu U. N. and Nwofia G. E.*

Department of Agronomy, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 6 February, 2023

Abstract

A field study was conducted for two years to assess the spatial and temporal effect of Phosphorus fertilizer on the yield, yield components and yield stability of five soybean genotypes in Umudike and Amakama in eastern Nigeria. The study was laid out as a split-plot in a randomized complete block with three replications. P rates of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg P/ha as triple superphosphate (TSP, 20% P) was randomly allocated to sub-plots and five soybean varieties (TGX 1440-1E, TGX 1448-2E, TGX 1485-1D, TGX 1835-10E and TGX 1910-14F) to main plots. Phosphorus rate, year and location were considered as environmental factors in a genotype x environment analysis. Genotype, P rate, year, location and some interactions were significant for most of the traits studied. The Genotypes performed differently across the environments and a high positive and significant association existed between seed yield and number of pods per plant as well as the number of seeds per plant. Hence, these traits can be selected for in the improvement of soybean in this agro ecology. Genotype x environment interactions (GEI) played a significant role in this study and should be given considerable attention in soybean breeding program for development of genetic materials adapted to a wide range of environments. TGX 1910-14F and TGX1440-1E were stable under different P rates.

Key words: Soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes, yield stability, grain yield, genotype x environment interaction (GEI).