ISSN 2756-3847
Research Article
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Screening of four common Nigerian weeds for use in phytoremediation of soil contaminated with spent lubricating oil
Ogbo Erute Magdalene1*, Avwerosovwe Ufuoma2 and Odogu Gloria3
1Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
2Department of Botany, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
3Department of Botany, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Accepted 13 September, 2019
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a non destructive and cost effective in situ technology that can be used for the cleanup of contaminated soils. The potential for this technology in the tropics is high due to the prevailing climatic conditions which favour plant growth and stimulates microbial activity. The present study investigated the use of use of 4 common weeds in Nigeria - (Phyllanthus amarus Schum and Thonn., Hyptis spicigera Lam., Sida rhombifolia L. and Mariscus alternifolius Vahl.) for their reaction to spent lubricating oil contamination and subsequent reduction of the contaminant by the plants. Shoot length, leaf area and root length and chlorophyll contents were determined for these plants grown in spent lubricating oil contaminated soils. The residual hydrocarbons were extracted from soil and percentage degradation was gravimetrically determined for the total hydrocarbons and saturated hydrocarbons present in the spent lubricating oil. The contamination caused a reduction in the shoot length, leaf area, root length and total chlorophyll content of the test plants used. A statistically significant influence of spent lubricating oil on the test plants could not however be established. The degradation of total petroleum content was low as the highest degradation recorded was 35.30% for the plant P. amarus, however appreciable degradation of the saturated hydrocarbons as the plant S. rhombifolia and M. alternifolia removed over 60% of the saturated hydrocarbons present. H. spicigera recorded the least degradation for the saturated hydrocarbons (39.04%). The growth of the plants- S. rhombifolia and M. alternifolius which caused a reduction of over 60% of the saturated hydrocarbons makes these 2 plants choice plants for the remediation of spent lubricating oil from contaminated soils. The 2 plants are unwanted plants indigenous to Nigeria and can be found growing abundantly in the wild.
Key words: Phytoremediation, phyto-assessment, contamination, spent lubricating oil.
Avwerosovwe Ufuoma and Odogu Gloria, Ogbo Erute Magdalene*
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1082Research Article
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Quantitative genetic parameters in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze): I. combining abilities for yield, drought tolerance and quality traits
S. M. Kamunya1*, F. N. Wachira2, R. S. Pathak3, R. C. Muoki1, J. K. Wanyoko1, W. K. Ronno1 and R. K. Sharma4
1Tea Research Foundation of Kenya, P.O. Box 820 Kericho, 20200, Kenya.
2Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536-20115 Egerton, Njoro, Kenya.
3Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soil Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536-20115 Egerton, Njoro, Kenya.
4Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box 6, Palampur, H.P., 176061, India.
Accepted 20 September, 2019
Abstract
The combining abilities for yield, drought tolerance and quality related traits in Camellia sinensis were estimated using a 4 x 4 full diallel mating design. There was significant phenotypic variation for the nine traits measured among the progeny and their parents. Generally, parents with good combining ability produced progeny with above average performance for all the traits evaluated. The general combining ability (GCA) effects were significant for all but one black tea quality trait, TF:TR, while specific combining ability (SCA) effects were significant for fermentability, pubescence and bud weight. All the traits but TF:TR however were predominantly governed by additive gene effects. Strong maternal influence for all traits was evident except for thearubigins and bud weight signifying the importance of the choice of female parents in tea breeding programmes targeting yield, abiotic stress related traits and processing of black tea and special tea products like the silvery tips. Significant non-additive effects were demonstrated by all traits apart from yield, TF:TR and bud weight. However, only drought tolerance, TF and pubescence exhibited unidirectional dominance effects. The results show that the assessed traits are highly heritable and guided breeding and judicious clonal selection would lead to further tea improvement. Although no trait can be treated singly, utilization of open pollinated seed targeted towards improvement of yield and black tea quality traits particularly high levels of total polyphenols and pubescence aimed at developing a designer clone for specialty tea product would suffice given judicious choice and inclusion of suitable progenitors in seed orchards. It is inferred that the basic information about combining abilities is valuable for breeding of elite cultivars.
Key words: Tea, Camellia sinensis, general combining ability, specific combining ability
R. C. Muoki, W. K. Ronno and R. K. Sharma, R. S. Pathak, S. M. Kamunya*, J. K. Wanyoko, F. N. Wachira
Page: 1 - 9
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1081Research Article
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 6 (12), pp. 001-008, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Trade offs in grain and leaf yield of cowpea based on timing of leaf harvest
Matikiti A., Chikwambi Z.*, Nyakanda C. and Mashingaidze A. B.
Crop Sciences Department, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Accepted 10 September, 2019
Abstract
The critical period for cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walpers) leaf harvesting on grain yield of black eyed bean (BEB) cowpea type was determined by timing termination and commencement of leaf harvesting during 2005-2007 rain seasons. Two leaves were harvested from each plant per treatment up to pod formation as compared to no leaf harvesting. The times at which leaf harvesting began and ended had significant effects (p<0.05) on leaf yield, grain yield and above ground biomass. Highest leaf yield was obtained in the 2 - 8 weeks after crop emergence (WACE) leaf harvesting period for both on farm and on station in both seasons. The same period (2 – 8 WACE) produced the lowest grain yield, while highest grain yield was obtained when leaf harvesting was terminated at 2 WACE or commenced at 8 WACE. However, above ground biomass was less affected by leaf harvesting. Using Nieto curves to estimate grain and leaf yield trade offs, the critical leaf harvesting duration was 2 - 8 WACE, during which no leaf harvesting should be done to attain maximum grain yield, corresponding to start of branching to start of pod formation. It is recommended that farmers use morphological indicators to mark leaf-harvesting periods.
Key words: Black-eyed bean, cowpea, Nieto curves, critical leaf harvesting.
Matikiti A., Nyakanda C. and Mashingaidze A. B., Chikwambi Z.*
Page: 1 - 8
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1080Research Article
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 6 (12), pp. 001-011, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Application of soil conditioners and man-made erosion control materials to reduce erosion risk on sloping lands
A. Akbarzadeh1, R. Taghizadeh Mehrjardi1*, H.G. Refahi1, H. Rouhipour2 and M. Gorji1
1Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran, Tehran, P. O. Box 13185-116, Iran.
Accepted 16 August, 2019
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil conditioners and man- made erosion control materials on stabilization of sloping hills using rainfall simulator and small flume facilities. Treatments were man- made erosion control materials (from polypropylene fabric) and soil conditioners (gypsum and PAM), these treatments were evaluated on a soil sample with a clay texture taken from a hill having 15 to 30% slopes. Soil surface were subjected to 3 simulated rainstorm including 25, 50 and 75 mm h-1. Runoff and sediment loss rates were determined in different times for 60 min after initiation of runoff. Man-made erosion control materials were reduced sediment concentration and runoff intensity between ranges of 4 - 82% and 0 - 8% respectively compared with the bare soil. Also, amending soil surface with soil conditioners did not reduce runoff significantly compared with the control on steep slopes. Appli-cation of soil conditioners alone had low efficiency. Whereas application of high levels of conditioners reduced soil loss to non detectable levels as compared with the control treatment. Obtained results from measurements of aggregate stability index and mean weight diameter of soil particles, for various amount of soil conditioners also showed that using these materials with improving soil physical properties, decreasing surface sealing, and enhancing infiltration rate, will reduce soil loss.
Key words: Soil conditioners, man-made erosion control materials, simulated rainfall, runoff and sediment yield.
H. Rouhipour and M. Gorji, H.G. Refahi, A. Akbarzadeh, R. Taghizadeh Mehrjardi1*
Page: 1 - 11
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1079Research Article
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 6 (11), pp. 001-010, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Investigation of morphophysiological variation in field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) populations of Karaj, Varamin, and Damavand in Iran
A. Mehrafarin1, F. Meighani2, M. A. Baghestani2, M. J. Mirhadi1 and M. R. Labbafi2*
1Department of Weed Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Research Campus, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2Weed Research Department, Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute, P. O. Box, 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 19 March, 2019
Abstract
Diversity in field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) populations collected from Karaj, Varamin, and Damavad during 2006 (for seed collection) to 2007 (for seed germination and plant growth in green-house) at the Weed Research Department, Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute for identification of morphophysiological variation using multivariate analysis methods. The most important variables were shoot dry weight, leaf dry weight, and leaf area, respectively. Results showed 11, 15 and 16 biotypes in Karaj, Varamin, and Damavand populations, respectively. Varamin was clustered near to Damavand, but both these populations had significant differences with Karaj population.
Key words: Biodiversity, ecotype, biotype, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, field bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis.
F. Meighani, M. J. Mirhadi and M. R. Labbafi*, A. Mehrafarin, M. A. Baghestani
Page: 1 - 10
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1078Research Article
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 6 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Stomatal features and humidification potentials of Borassus aethiopum, Oreodoxa regia and Cocos nucifera
A. A. Abdulrahaman* and F. A. Oladele
Department of Plant Biology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Accepted 16 February, 2019
Abstract
The atmosphere contains water vapors which humidifies it and later condenses in order to form cloud and subsequently rainfall. The falling of rain is an inevitably necessary thing for plants and animals, which in turn release water back to the atmosphere through evapotranspiration. Larger portion of water is obtained in the atmosphere through plant transpiration. Transpiration rate is relatively regulated by the opening and closing processes of stomata located on the leaf surfaces. Leaves of Borassus aethiopum, Oreodoxa regia and Cocos nucifera are hypoamphistomatic, epiamphistomatic and hypostomatic respectively. Tetracytic stomata were present in B. aethiopum and O. regia and paracytic stomata in C. nucifera. Stomatal size and density show differences from one species to another as feature, which influences rate of transpiration. O. regia has more stomata on its adaxial surface than abaxial (hypoamphistomatic), tetracytic stomata, large stomata and high stomatal density transpired at faster rate (7.63x10-5 mol/m2/s) and humidifies the atmosphere faster than C. nucifera with paracytic stomata which were restricted to adaxial surface.
Key words: Stomatal complex types, atmosphere, humidification, palms, transpiration.
F. A. Oladele, A. A. Abdulrahaman*
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPBG/1077