International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genotype x environment interaction for soybean grain yield and other reproductive characters in the forest and savanna agro-ecologies of South-west Nigeria

Akande, S. R.*, Taiwo, L. B., Adegbite, A. A. and Owolade, O. F.

Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, P. M. B. 5029, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 September, 2019

Abstract

Eight soybean varieties were evaluated in 2006 and 2007 at three locations in the forest and savanna agro-ecologies of South west Nigeria for grain yield and other reproductive characters. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and genotype plus genotype x environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis. The main effects of year, location, variety and their interactions had significant effects on all the characters except pod length and number of seeds per pod. Among the varieties, number of days to 50% flowering, number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight had average values of 45.29, 2.31 and 13.07 respectively while that of grain yield was 1027.49 kg/ha. The highest yielding variety across years and locations was TGx 1805-31F while TGx 1485-1D had the lowest value. Grain yields recorded in 2006 and 2007 were 1059.94 and 995.04 kg/ha. Ballah (southern guinea savanna) produced the highest grain yield while Ilora (derived savanna) had the least. GGE biplot analysis showed that genotype, location and genotype x location interaction were responsible for 21.66, 37.63 and 40.71% of their total variations respectively. The variety TGx 1922-1F was found to be high yielding and stable. Suitable varieties were also identified for the three locations under evaluation.

Key words: Soybean, genotype, environment, grain yield, adaptation.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Characterization of callus formation in leaf of Euphorbia helioscopia

Zi-Song Yang^1,3, Guang-Deng Chen^2,3*, Yun-Xiang Li^2,3 and Jiao Chen^2,3

¹Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Aba Teachers College, Pixian, 611741, People’s Republic of China.

²College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, People’s Republic of China.

³Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (China West Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanchong, 637009, People’s Republic of China.

Accepted 11 September, 2019

Abstract

The callus was induced on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlo-rophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) from the Chinese medicinal herb Euphorbia helioscopia in the family Euphorbiaceae. The highest frequencies of callus induction were observed on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg l^-1 2,4-D. Callus (yellow, loose, granular) was chosen as research focus in the long-term callus maintenance, the proliferation coefficient could still hold about 10 after subcultured 5 turns. Histological analysis was done to reveal the developmental pattern of callus formation. Detailed analysis revealed induction of leaf yielded many endogenous eumeristematic cells which were still embedded in the parenchymatic tissue.

Key words: Euphorbia helioscopia, callus induction, callus maintenance, histological, developmental pattern.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Screening of low temperature tolerance on cassava genotypes according tostomatal conductances

S. O. Akparobi

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Delta State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 19 October, 2019

Abstract

8 cassava genotypes were evaluated under growth chambers (15/10, 20/15, 25/20 and 32/22°C day/night temperature respectively) and field conditions (Ibadan: 27B ± 5°C and Jos plateau: 18 ± 5°C) from 1993 to 1996. In a growth chamber study, none of the tested genotypes survived after 3 week at 15/10°C, low temperature regimes by 20/15 and 25/20°C had significantly (P < 0.05) reduced leaf stomatal conductances compared to high temperature, 32/22°C. the abaxial stomatal conductance ranged from 0.13 to 0.63 mol m s-¹. The total dry biomass per plant was higher at ambient than at lower temperature (20/15°C). In a field study, stomatal conductances were significantly higher at Ibadan compared to Jos plateau. The leaf stomatal conductance ranged from 5.6 to 21.0 mol m s-¹. Genotypic variations were observed by stomatal conductances depending on temperature regimes and locations. At 20/15°C and Jos plateau, TMS 91934, Danwaru, TMS 30572 and TME1 had the highest leaf stomatal conductances. This result showed that high stomatal conductances contributed to the tolerance of TMS 91934, TMS 30572 and TME1 to low temperatures, these genotypes had the highest total dry biomass compared to other evaluated genotypes. The correlation of dry biomass with stomatal conductances (r = 0.77, n = 8) suggest that high stomatal conductances are important physiological characteristics of cassava genotypes tolerant to low temperatures.

Key words: Low temperature, stomatal, tolerance, cassava genotypes.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ISSN 5756-2148 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Stomatal complex types and transpiration rates in some tropical tuber species

Saadu, R. O., Abdulrahaman, A. A.* and Oladele, F. A.

Department of Plant Biology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Accepted 28 April, 2019

Abstract

Anatomical study of the leaf epidermis in 6 tuber species namely Manihot esculenta Crantz, Cyperus esculentus Linn. Ipomoea batatas Linn., Xanthosoma sagittifolium Schott, Colocasia esculenta Schott and Caladium hortulanum Vent was conducted. Among these species, only C. esculenta has epistomatic leaves with stomata occurring only on the adaxial or upper surface of the leaf. The remaining 5 species have amphistomatic leaves, with stomata on both surfaces of the leaf. M. esculenta, C. esculentus and I. batatas have paracytic stomatal complex type with a frequency of 100%, while X. sagittifolium, C. esculenta and C. hortulanum have brachy-paracytic stomatal complex type with a frequency of 100%. Species with stomatal density range of 22 - 26 stomata per square millimetre, namely I. batatas, X. sagittifolium, C. esculentus and C. esculenta were the most transpiring with high potentials for humidification of the atmosphere. Those species with the density range of 16 - 21 stomata per square millimetre, namely C. hortulanum and M. esculenta were the least transpiring with low humidification potentials. There was no positive correlation between stomatal size and transpiration rate as C. hortulanum with the highest stomatal size had the least rate of transpiration. However, stomatal index, that is, the % spread of stomata was positively correlated with transpiration as I. batatas with the highest stomatal index of 20.94 had the highest rate of transpiration. Massive cultivation of these tuberous species through intercropping with tree species may help in combating drought and desertification processes. Since these tubers with the exception of C. hortulanum are edible, there is added advantage of increased food production, through this suggested cropping system. I. batatas being a creeping plant can also be a useful cover crop as part of conservation measures for desertified or exposed areas.

Key words: Tuber species, stomatal complex types, transpiration.