International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-009, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessment of quantitative traits of USTPx plantain (Musa sp.) hybrids for crossability studies

¹Payebo, C.O* and ¹Ogburia, M. N

¹Department of Crop/Soil Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Accepted 17 July, 2020

Abstract

Assessment of quantitative traits is the preliminary aspect in conventional breeding to choose crossable species and consequent production of ideotypes. USTPx plantain (Musa sp.) hybrid population of 70 plants consisting of USTPx/01/01, USTPx/01/02, USTPx/01/03, USTPx/01/05, USTPx/01/06, USTPx/01/07 and landraces such as KM5 were selected for this study in which each specie was replicated ten times. All hybrids used were synthesized in the Department of Crop/Soil Science, Rivers State University, Port-Harcourt. They were subjected to physical in-situ and laboratory assessment. Data collected were arranged in Complete Randomization Design. Some baseline agronomic quantitative data were taken from all the species such as plant height, bunch weight etc. USTPx/01/05 was the tallest (2.2m) genotype and USTPx/01/01 was the shortest (1.0m) at anthesis. The bunch weight was highest (14.3kg) in USTPx/01/02 followed by (4.9kg) KM5, respectively and the other species do not possess edible fingers. An assessment of black sigatoka response of the species revealed that USTPx/01/01 is resistant while the other 6 were either less resistant or susceptible. KM5 and USTPx/01/02 should be used as potential male and female parent in any genetic plant breeding of Musa species due to inherently better quantitative traits such as high bunch weight (yield) and polleniferous capability andUSTPx/01/01 should also be used due to its polleniferous ability and apparent resistance to Sigatoka complex which can be introgressed into the cultivated (cultivar) species of Musa in order to avert yield losses as result of the disease.

Keywords: Qualitative, Quantitative, Traits, Assessment, Crossability.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-005, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Habitat studies for conservation of medicinal orchids of Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya

Jeewan Singh Jalal¹* and Gopal Singh Rawat²

¹Department of Botany, D.S.B.Campus, Nainital-263002, Kumaun University, Uttarakhand, India.

²Department of Habitat Ecology, Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box-18, Chandrabani, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand, India.

Accepted 17 May, 2020

Abstract

An extensive sampling was conducted for medicinal orchids in the state of Uttarakhand between the years 2003 to 2005 covering an altitudinal range of 600 – 3600 m. Transects of 1 km length were laid randomly in various habitat types depending upon the geographical coverage of the habitats. Six medicinal orchid species belonging to four genera were recorded in different habitats. Dactylorhiza hatagirea and Habenaria intermedia are highly endangered in the state. A total of seven habitat types were identified where medicinal orchids were found. Among seven habitats Banj-oak habitat was found the most suitable habitat for the orchids followed by Mixed-oak and Banj Grassy Slopes.

Key words: Uttarakhand, medicinal orchids, habitat, Banj-oak, Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Habenaria intermedia.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Growth parameters of Pistacia atlantica Desf under different soil conditions in Iran

Sedigheh Rezaeyan¹, Mohammad Reza Pourmajidian², Hamid Jalilvand² and Aidin Parsakhoo¹*

¹Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Mazandaran University, Sari city, Mazandaran province, Iran.

²Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.

Accepted 20 May, 2020

Abstract

Pistacia atlantica Desf. is one of the most important wild species in Zagros forests which is of high economical and environmental value. Therefore the investigation on the vegetative parameters of this native species is necessary. The study was conducted in Shoorab nursery placed in Khoram Abad city, which was located in west of Iran. Experiment was carried out based on randomized plot (block) design including 4 soil treatments (pure forest soil, sandy soil, nursery soil and mixed forest soil) with 100 replications for each treatment. The height, vitality, and leaf number, collar diameter, survival, stem length, root length, stem: root length ratio and stem: root dry weight ratio of P. atlantica Desf seedlings were measured. The results showed significant effects of different soil treatments on different growth properties of seedlings except for effects on root length and stem: root length ratio. Grown seedlings on the forest soil had highest height, vitality, leaf number and survival, while the stem: root dry weight ratio for grown seedlings on this soil type was the least. The greatest collar diameter growth was observed on seedlings grown on the nursery soil. In conclusion the forest soil had better effects on vegetative parameters of Pistacia atlantica Desf seedlings.

Key words: Soil treatments, Pistacia atlantica desf., seedlings, vegetative parameters, nursery.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-010, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The structure and function of trichomes in the leaf of Salvia repens Burch. Ex Benth

Buyisile Mayekiso*, Zoleka Mhinana and Micheal L. Magwa

¹Botany Department and Electron Microscopic unit, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Accepted 23 April, 2020

Abstract 

The anatomical investigation using scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that Salvia repens is characterized by both non-glandular and glandular trichomes. It has been demonstrated that both trichomes appeared to originate from epidermal cells of the leaf, stem and vegetative area through a series of periclinal and anticlinal division. Non-glandular trichomes were composed of uniseriate cells. The terminal cells of the non-glandular trichomes were the first cells to mature. A progressive maturity resulted in continuous death of the uniseriate cells progressing towards the basipetal position. The dead cells resembled fibrous like clothing threads which were covering the epidermis. Structurally, these fibrous ends were similar in composition to the components of the suberized cell wall. The glandular trichomes were multicellular and uniseriated. Their shape ranged from oval to club, and they were composed of a basal cell, stalk cell and a three to four sided glandular head. The orientation of these glandular trichomes was not uniform, however, a different orientation of glandular trichomes was observed in the leaves and stem. The micrograph of these glandular trichomes showed that they started as outgrowth of the epidermis cells, and subsequent periclinal division followed by anticlinal division, giving rise to a trichome with a basal epidermal cell, stalk cell and three to four celled secretory head. At maturity the glandular trichome gland cells contained a distended cuticular sac due to the accumulation of the essential oil.

Key words: Non-glandular, glandular trichomes in Salvia repens.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-003, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Short Comminication

Radiosensitivity test on two varieties of Terengganu and Arab used in mutation breeding of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

S. S. Harding¹* and O. Mohamad²

¹IAEA, Fellow, Rokupr Agricultural Research Centre, P. M .B. 736, Freetown, Sierra Leone.

²PPSSA, FST, University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bang,

Accepted 22 May, 2019

Abstract

A study was carried out in a greenhouse to determine the effective doses for mutation breeding of roselle during the year 2006/2007. Seedling height was the parameter recorded at 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks after sowing of M₁ seeds of 2 varieties Terengganu and Arab. The results indicated that increasing doses of gamma irradiation from 0 to 1200 Gy in steps of 100 Grey (Gy) caused increasing physiological effect on seedling height. There was a progressive increase in seedling height from 2 until 5 weeks after sowing. However, at week 2 and 3 after sowing there was no significant difference between seedling heights. The LD₅₀ values determined from regression analyses for Terengganu based on seedling height were 754, 821.4, 761.7 and 766.7% at 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks after sowing, respectively and the LD₅₀ values for Arab were 773.8.%, 804.1.%, 704.2 and 708.3% at 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks, respectively. 2 weeks after sowing appears to be the most appropriate time for data collection. The LD₅₀ values at 2 weeks were not significantly different from 3, 4 and 5 weeks after sowing. The LD₅₀ values for Terengganu and Arab determined at 2 weeks were 754 and 773.8%, respectively.

Key words: Roselle, mutation breeding, seedling height, LD_50, radiosensitivity, dosimetry, Hibiscus sabdariffa, gamma irradiation.

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Improvement of mungbean varieties through induced mutations

Samiullah Khan and Sonu Goyal*

Mutation Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002 (U.P.) India.

Accepted 12 January, 2020

Abstract

Mutations were induced in two mungbean varieties, K-851 and PS-16 using EMS and gamma rays as mutagens. Selection studies were conducted to improve the yield and to generate genetic variability in different quantitative traits viz., fertile branches per plant, pods per plant and seed yield per plant. Mean values in traits increase significantly over the controls and genetic parameters were recorded higher for the mutants isolated in M₅ generation. High values of heritability and genetic advance for the mutants indicate that further improvement could be made in next generations.

Key words: Mungbean, EMS, gamma rays, genetic variability, selection, yield.