International Journal of Enology and Viticulture

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 1 (7), pp. 083-086, July, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antioxidant activities and Total phenolics of jujube genotypes chosen from Turkey

Alain Sergio and Kazim Carbonneau

Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 02 June, 2014

Abstract 

We determined the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of methanol extracts from fifteen selected jujube genotypes endogenous to the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Total phenolic content of the fruits was analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, while the total antioxidant activity was analyzed using the -carotene bleaching, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenil-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) assays. The highest total phenolic content was observed in MHS 6 and MHS 7 genotypes (42 and 40 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g ^-1 dry weight (DW)), while the lowest content was found in MHS 5 and MHS 14 (28 and 25 mg GAE g ^-1 DW). MHS 13 was among the genotypes with the highest antioxidant capacity in all three methods tested (1237 µmol g^{- 1} in FRAP, 83% in - carotene bleaching method and 99% in DPPH). The present study demonstrates the potential value of jujube genotypes for pharmaceuticals and nutrition.

Key words: Antioxidant capacity, drying, foods of plant origin, fruits, phenols.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 1 (6), pp. 077-082, June, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Physicochemical properties, Nutrient composition and utilization as nutra tea:  Ficus racemosa bark

Bhati keshava*, Singh Urooj and Kumar Ahmed

Department of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Anna university, P.O Box 564, Chennai, India.

E-mail: [email protected]

Acceptance 22 May, 2014

Abstract 

The present study reports, the nutrient composition, physicochemical properties and utilization potential of Ficus racemosa stem bark as an ingredient in tea, a popular non alcoholic beverage. The bark was found to be a good source of dietary fiber, minerals, sugars and phenolic compounds. On dry basis, the total dietary fiber content was 20.5% of which major portion was contributed by insoluble dietary fiber (13.6%). Potassium was the most abundant mineral (11975 ppm) followed by chloride (7475 ppm) and calcium (1729 ppm). The bark was also a good source of other minerals and trace elements such as phosphorus and iron, zinc, magnesium, respectively. Further, the bark powder was used as an ingredient in the preparation of tea and the bark incorporated tea (nutra tea) was found to contain significantly higher amounts of phenolic compounds compared to control tea (p 0.05). Sensory analysis of the nutra tea indicated no perceptible off-taste or off-aroma and the overall quality was similar to that of control and was acceptable in terms of all sensory attributes. The results suggest that the bark could be effectively used in the preparation of tea to derive its beneficial effects particularly attributable to those of phenolics.

Key words: Ficus racemosa, Nutra tea, total phenolics, AAS, sensory analysis.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 1 (6), pp. 070-076, June, 2014.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Yield and growth Reaction of cv. Merlot to early water stress

Alain Sergio and Kazim Carbonneau

Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey

E-mail: [email protected] 

Accepted 02 May, 2014

Abstract

Reproductive growth is less sensitive to water deficit than vegetative growth. For this purpose, the main aim of this study is to find out the effects of early water deficits on vegetative and generative development of Merlot/SO₄ grapevines. This research was carried out in ECOTRON System, Montpellier - SupAgro/INRA, 03°51’22’’ E and 43°37’04’’ N and 40 m altitude. The stressed period was started in the 17^th E-L stage on the second week of May and stopped in 27^th E-L stages on the second week of June. Four stress groups were established which were; well watered WS₀ as a control (4 L day^{- 1}), second was WS₁ (3 L day^-1) third was WS ₂ (2 L day^-1) and the fourth was WS₃ (1 L day^-1) respectively. A randomized complete block design was used and treatments were compared using LSD test to determine the significant differences. In water deficit treatments yellowing of the leaves and partial leaf fall at the shoot bases were observed at WS₂ and WS₃ plants. Final measurements of shoot lengths showed about 60 cm differences between control and stressed grapevines. Shoot elongation was suppressed linearly to increase water deficit. When the average cluster weights and yield per vine in the control were compared with WS₃ about 50% reduction was found. It can be stated that the most sensitive period was between 17th and 27th Eichhorn and Lorenz phenological stages which negatively affect the yield of Merlot cv.

Key words: Merlot, early water deficit, growth, cluster weight, shoot elongation.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 1 (5), pp. 060-069, May, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Canopy management control practices on fruit composition of wine grape cultivars grown in semi-arid tropical region of India

Vijay P. and Raj Vadewki

Department of Enology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Tamil University, P O Box 1549, Thanjavur-10, India.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 25 April, 2014

Abstract 

Effect of canopy management practices on berry composition of red and white grape cultivars grown in Pune region of India was examined. Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc vines were selected for the study. Both the cultivars exhibited significant variation in fruit composition parameters in response to various canopy management practices. Combination treatment of leaf removal (LR) either with shoot thinning (ST) or cluster thinning (CT) exhibited high total soluble solids (TSS), lowest acidity (malic acid), lower potassium content and higher anthocyanin content. The vines which received ST+CT+LR treatment and control vines recorded least anthocyanin concentration and phenolic compounds indicating excess light exposure or excess shade to clusters is not congenial for producing better quality fruits. Leaf removal treatment in combination with either shoot thinning or cluster thinning was found to be superior under semi-arid tropical conditions to obtain good quality fruits. Reasons for such variations in fruit composition parameters under different management practices are discussed.

Key words: Anthocyanins, canopy management, organic acids, phenolic compounds, wine grapes.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 1 (5), pp. 054-059, May, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Methods to land maps development using geo-information systems (GIS)

Tomislav Drazen, Marko Kust and Van Zvonko

Department of Agrotechnic and Precision Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zadar, PO Box 600, Zadar, Croatia.

E-mail: Tom_ [email protected]

Accepted 08 April, 2014

Abstract 

The purpose of this research was to determine the methodology of land capability evaluation with regard to an array of objective limiting factors when growing, for example, perennial crops. The methodology of relief parameterization was used in the method for calculating geomorphological parameters, and pedometric mapping methods were used to calculate pedological variables. Inventory of the actual condition of land cover was made based on sketches and maps that were gathered during field research. These sketches were then geo-referenced and overlapped with LANDSAT satellite images to determine the actual situation. The best locations for a particular type of perennial plantation were selected by using logic and spatial queries. Best locations, in this example for vineyards, were identified as an area overlap, areas with, according to the spatial plan, either valuable, especially valuable or other arable soils, southern relief exposition with the total annual incident light >1, 208 KWh/m², and the location where the relief slope is between 2 and 12% or where elevation exceeds 110 m and soil acidity does not exceed 5.6 pH. The query resulted in a simple map. The map shows areas which are either suitable for viticulture “1” or not suitable for viticulture “0”. Analysis of the results obtained from the example revealed the methodology for development of thematic maps in geo-information systems (GIS) environment, a total of 17, 782 ha in the Osijek-Baranja County, Republic of Croatia, area is suitable for viticulture.

Key words: Geo-information systems (GIS), thematic maps, resource management, spatial plan, land capability mapping, viticulture, European union (EU) pre-accession funds, Croatia.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 1 (4), pp. 049-053, April, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Cost and Energy evaluation of sultana grape growing in Turkey

Arik Halit, Kazim Ozcan and Sergio D. Hasan*

Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 28 March, 2014

Abstract 

Turkey, located on the most suitable place on earth for vinegrowing, has a remarkably old and essential vinegrowing history as well as being the centre of grape-vine gene. Turkey’s share in grape production area and world production in 2007 were 7 and 6%, respectively. The purpose of this study is to analyse the use of energy in sultana grape production in Manisa, a significant production area in Turkey and to determine the variable costs and gross margin of sultana grapes production. For this purpose, 48 farmers were selected and their 2008 growing season records examined. Winegrowing (viticulture and enology) is a global industry, representing a significant demand on the world’s resources, including fossil fuels. Nowadays, energy use in agricultural production in Turkey is becoming more intensive due to the use of energy-intensive inputs. The total energy input necessary for sultana grape production was 37,488.00 MJ/ha. The research results indicated that the total energy input used for grape production was mainly dependent on non-renewable energy forms. The values of gross product and total variable costs were US$ 6,039.00 and US$ 2,847.23, respectively. Therefore, gross margin was calculated to be US$ 3,191.77.

Key words: Viticulture, grape, input usage, energy consumption, cost analysis, Turkey.