International Journal of Enology and Viticulture

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN: 3426-7212 Vol. 4 (5), pp. 179-183, October, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Connection between endogenous abscisic acid and indole acetic acid on vigor of some selected dwarf mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb L.) genotypes

Ebrahim Ganji Moghadam,¹* Zahra Shabani² and Raeesi Sadeq²

¹Department of Horticulture, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Center, Mashhad, Iran.

²Department of Horticultural College, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected], Tel: +98 9151141435. 

Accepted 06 April, 2016

Abstract

Vigor reduction of sweet cherry varieties by dwarfing rootstock is well known, but the mechanism by which a rootstock induces dwarfing is not well understood. Plant hormones have been associated with dwarfing mechanism. This study was conducted, with the main purpose of determining the correlation between of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) and vigor of 10 selected dwarf mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb L.) genotypes. Endogenous IAA and ABA levels of selected dwarf genotypes were evaluated, which indicated significant differences for most traits. The IAA level in the shoot bark was the highest in H24 and lowest in M96 genotypes, while ABA level in the shoot bark was highest in M96 and lowest in H14. The mean ABA content decreased as the invigoration capacity of the genotype increased. ABA generally is regarded as an inhibitor of elongation. In our experiment, the endogenous ABA content was negatively correlated with shoot growth. ABA: IAA ratio in shoot bark decreased with increasing genotype vigor. ABA: IAA ratio of the dwarfing genotype M96 was about 1.118. Correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation between crown width, trunk diameter, crown volume, total IAA, total ABA, IAA: ABA and tree vigor. The concentration of ABA in shoot bark showed a good relationship with vigor, thus the content of this phytohormone in shoot bark could be a useful marker of dwarfing character in mahaleb genotype selections.

Key words: Mahaleb, Dwarf rootstock, indole acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA).

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN: 3426-7212 Vol. 4 (4), pp. 169-178, September, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Impact of climate change on winegrowing conditions in southernmost Finland (Tuusula)

Juha Karvonen

Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. Tel: +358400642378; E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 30 September, 2017

Abstract

According to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, Tuusula belongs to the cold area (Dfb) of the temperate climate, and the Neubrandenburg, Freyburg, and Herrlisheim-prés-Colmar areas in Central Europe belong to the warm temperate climate (Cfb). Predicted global warming would increase the temperatures of the Dfb climate to the Cfb climate, which is suitable for winegrowing. According to the RCP2.6 climate scenario, the climate will become 2⁰C warmer in Tuusula by the end of 2100, which is close to the current Cfb climate. This study aimed to monitor air and soil temperatures and precipitation in 2014 ─ 2015 in Tuusula as well as in three other locations, and to evaluate the effects of a temperature increase predicted by RCP2.6 on the growth conditions in Tuusula. The soil temperature in Tuusula belongs to the “frigid” temperature regime, but the others belong to the higher “mesic”. According to this study, all locations were classified as “very cool” for viticulture, and Tuusula’s Cool Night Index was “very cool” while others were “cool”. The Dryness Index in Tuusula was “moderately ─ dry-subhumid”. Should the RCP2.6 scenario be realised, Tuusula’s winegrowing conditions would be close to those in Freyburg, allowing for professional viticulture in southernmost Finland.

Key words: temperate climates, cool climate viticulture, air temperatures, soil temperature regimes, climate scenarios, Geoviticulture MCC System. 

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN 3426-7212 Vol. 4 (2), pp. 152-157, February, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Isolation and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of wild yeast species from 17 different fruits

Prashant Kumar Lathar*, Arti Sharma and Isha Thakur

Department of Biotechnology, Jay Pee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat 173234, Solan (H. P), India.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +91-9736318107.

Accepted 29 April, 2011

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to isolate the wild yeast strains present on different fruits and performing random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to know the genetic inter relationship between different isolated species. Seventeen different fruit namely mango, apple, banana, black grapes, sapotae, orange, plum, jamun, pear, cherry, dates, pomegranate, figs, papaya, pineapple, green grapes and raisins were used as natural sources for yeast isolation. Amplicon fingerprints for the isolated species were obtained by RAPD assay using five different primers. Among them, only three primers allowed discrimination among the 17 isolated species. Jaccard’s genetic similarity coefficient varied from 0.00 to 0.98 (as isolate S9 did not show any relatedness with the other clads).

Key words: Random amplified polymorphic DNA, polymerase chain reaction, amplicon, dendrogram, wild yeast strains.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN 3426-7212 Vol. 4 (1), pp. 143-151, January, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Optimization of fermentation process for preparation of mulberry fruit wine by response surface methodology

Chu-Yan Wang^1,3, Yan-Wei Liu¹, Jun-Qiang Jia^1,2, Thasma Raman Sivakumar¹, Tao Fan³, and Zhong-Zheng Gui^1,2*

¹Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China.

²Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China.

³Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230061, China.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 86-511-8561-6716.

Accepted 22 November,  2012

Abstract

Response surface methodology (RSM) has been the most widely used optimization method in recent years. Lately, many studies successfully employed this methodology to improve enzyme production processes of industrial interest. In this context, the mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit was used as raw material to brew fruit wine. The effects of fermentation parameters (temperature, pH value, inoculum size and fermentation time) on the alcoholicity of mulberry wine were investigated. Based on single factor and three factor influence level tests by following the Plackett-Burman design, the optimum extraction yield was analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM). The results of RSM showed that the optimal condition for mulberry fermentation was defined as pH, 3.2; inoculum size, 0.53%; fermentation temperature, 31.4°C and fermentation time of 6 days. Under this optimal condition, alcoholicity of the wine reached 12.46%.

Key words: Mulberry wine, fermentation condition, response surface analysis, optimization.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN 3426-7212 Vol. 3 (2), pp. 123-134, February, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Genome-wide analysis of Xylella fastidiosa: implications for detection and strain relationships

Harshavardhan Doddapaneni^1&4 Marta Francis², Jiqiang Yao³, Hong Lin⁴, and Edwin L. Civerolo⁴*

¹University of California Davis, Department of Viticulture and Enology, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ²University of California Davis, Department of Plant Pathology, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

³Citrus Research Board, 323 W. Oak, P.O. Box 230, Visalia, CA 93279, USA.

⁴USDA-ARS. San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Science Center, 9611 So. Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648, USA.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 22 April, 2010

Abstract

The xylem limited plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa causes economically important diseases on agronomic, horticultural and landscape plants. This review includes the current status of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based systems for detection and characterization of X. fastidiosa, and presents a genome-wide analysis of strain differentiation. The use of genomics data for strain comparisons will improve the understanding of the genetic determinants of strain specific pathogeni-city and virulence. The genome-level analysis can be applied to design new strategies for management and control of Xylella fastidiosa associated diseases in a wide range of crops.

Key words: Comparative genomics, PCR, diagnosis, database, phylogeny, evolution.