International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 6 (9), pp. 001-008, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effects of the regulated deficit irrigation on yield and some yield components of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under semi-arid conditions

Mehmet Simsek¹*, Nuray Comlekcioglu² and Irfan Ozturk³

¹Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Faculty of Agriculture,Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey.

²Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, ẞanliurfa Sanliurfa, Turkey.

³Department of Biometry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey.

Accepted 28 July, 2019

Abstract

During three consecutive years (2002 to 2004), common bean was grown to investigate the effects of the regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on the yield and yield parameters under semi-arid conditions. Field experiments were conducted on a clay soil. The growing season of common bean was divided into two phases: (1) Vegetative stage (V); from seed germination to the beginning of flowering and (2) reproductive stage (R); from the flowering to the last fruit harvesting. The statistical design was a split-plot with three replications, where the growth stage was the main factor of variation and the irrigation was the secondary factor. The irrigation treatments consisted of all possible combinations of full irrigation (T₁ and T₅ (V₁₀₀ and R₁₀₀: 100% of irrigation water (IW)/cumulative pan evaporation (CPE)) or limited irrigation (T₂: V₇₅-R₁₀₀, T₃: V₅₀-R₁₀₀, T₄: V₂₅-R₁₀₀, T₆: V₁₀₀-R₇₅, T₇: V₁₀₀-R₅₀ and T₈: V₁₀₀-R₂₅) in two phases. Fresh bean yield and pod weight (PWt), pod length (PL), pod width (PWh) and number of seed per pod (NSPP) were measured. Yields of T₂, T₃, T₄, T₆, T₇ and T₈ were determined as 27.0, 35.0, 41.0, 4.0, 12.0 and 21.0% lower than the yields obtained from the control (18.36 and 18.40 t ha^-1) treatments, respectively. Results demonstrated that, vegetative stage was the more sensitive than the reproductive stage to the deficit irrigation. The highest irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) were found in T₆ and T₇ treatments as 2.58 and 2.66 kg m^-3, respectively.

Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., class A pan, drip irrigation, deficit irrigation.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 6 (9), pp. 001-006, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessing input-specific knowledge gaps in farmers’ demand for agricultural inputs – Seed and irrigation technologies in Nigeria

Hiroyuki Takeshima

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) c/o International Center for Soil Fertility and Agricultural Development, Plot #1413 Cadestral, Zone AO3, Garki II, Abuja, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +234 80 3624 6156.

Accepted 15 April, 2019

Abstract

In Sub-Sahara African countries like Nigeria where the substitutability of agricultural inputs tend to be low, policies that directly improve access to deficient inputs (“input-specific” policies) may be more effective than other policies that improve access to all inputs but to a lesser extent (“general” policies). This study uniquely assesses how input-specific policies were distinguished from general policies among selected studies on seed and irrigation technologies in Nigeria. Findings indicate that significant knowledge gaps might exist in Nigeria for “input-specific” information and in different ways for each seed and irrigation technologies. Key implications on future research were discussed.

Key words: Nigeria, seed, irrigation, input substitutability, technology adoption.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 6 (8), pp. 001-010, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Nutrients movement characteristic in terrace sawah occupied by cascade irrigation system in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Darmawan Darma¹*, Syafrimen Yasin¹ and Tsugiyuki Masunaga²

¹Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang-25163, Indonesia.

²Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan.

Accepted 21 March, 2019

Abstract

West Sumatra is one of Indonesian rice bowl. The landscape of this province dominated by mountainous area with beautiful terrace sawah lied from the middle slope to the lowland. The most common rice cultivation management in this area is application of cascade irrigation system with blanked amount of chemical fertilizer application. This study intends to figure out, whether this kind of sawah management sustains are friendly to the environment or not. The results showed that cascade irrigation system created some discrepancies in suspended solid (SS), dissolve organic matter (DOM) and the nutrient movement characteristic along the slope. The SS and DOM load and discharge strongly influenced by land preparation activities, while total and available nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) affected by chemical fertilizer application. In the upper part, the amount of chemical fertilizer seemed sufficient, indicated by negative amount of nutrient balance, while lower terrace show some indication of excess nutrient input. To avoid some demerit of cascade irrigation system, chemical fertilizer application should be base on site specific characteristic and taking into account of natural source contribution.

Key words: Cascade irrigation, chemical fertilizer, nutrient balance, terrace sawah.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 6 (7), pp. 001-009, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of irrigation schedules on yield and water use of onion (Allium cepa L.)

Borivoj Pejić¹, Jelica Gvozdanović-Varga², Stanko Milić², Aleksandra Ignjatović-Ćupina¹, Djordje Krstić¹ and Branko Ćupina¹

¹Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, D. Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.

²Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad, M. Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.

Accepted 22 April, 2019

Abstract

In order to study the effect of different irrigation schedules on yield and water use of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. Alek and Kupusinski jabučar), a field experiment was conducted on the calcareous chernozem soil in the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad in Serbia during 2005, 2006 and 2007 growing seasons. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design and adapted to conditions of sprinkling irrigation. Three irrigation treatments according to available soil water depletion (Т₁ 30, Т₂ 50 and Т₃ 70%) and a rainfed treatment (Т₀) were included. Results showed that onion yield was significantly affected by irrigation. The highest onion bulb yields of 30.22 and 34.99 t ha^-1 were obtained from treatment T₁ and Т₃, respectively, in 2005. However, the highest onion bulb yields of 38.46 and 40.07 t ha^-1 were obtained from T₂ and Т₃ treatment in 2006 and 40.96 t ha^-1 from T₁ treatment in 2007, respectively. The lowest yield of 10.10 t ha^-1 was obtained from T₀ treatment in 2007 with limited precipitation and higher than average seasonal temperatures. The seasonal evapotranspiration values of irrigated (ETirr) and non irrigated (ET_O) onions ranged from 435.6 to 542.9 and 290.2 to 393.9 mm, respectively. The highest and lowest water use efficiency (WUE) of 91.35 kg and 34.80 kg ha^-1 mm^-1 was obtained in irrigation and rainfed conditions in 2007, respectively. The highest irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of 280.54 kg ha^-1 mm^-1 was obtained from Т₁ treatment in 2007, while the lowest value of 45.83 kg ha^-1 mm^-1 was obtained from T₁ treatment during the rainy period of 2005. High yields of bulbs produced from treatments Т₁, Т₂ and Т₃ in different years indicated that amount and distribution of precipitation seriously affected the soil water regime and irrigation schedule of onion in the region. Therefore, irrigation schedule of onion has to be adjusted to climatic conditions of each year, mostly to amount and distribution of precipitation.

Key words: Onion yield, irrigation scheduling, evapotranspiration, water use efficiency.