ISSN 2756-3804
Research Article
International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-012, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Simulated and measured soil wetting patterns for overlap zone under double points sources of drip irrigation
Yuyang Shan1,3, Quanjiu Wang2,1* and Chunxia Wang2
1State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences &Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR. China.
2Institute of Water Resources, Xi’an University Technology, Xi’an, Shannxi 710048, China.
3Graduate School of Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
Accepted 20 August, 2020
Abstract
Water resource scarcity is a serious problem hampering agricultural development in the arid and semi-arid region. Drip irrigation is one of the most useful methods that is widely used in the arid and semi-arid region. Intersection is a however, common event under drip irrigation and the crops are always planted in the overlap zone, hence a suitable design and operation of the system is very important for crop yield. In this study, experimental and simulated soil wetting pattern of overlap were investigated for drip irrigation at different emitter discharge, irrigation volume and emitter spacing, respectively. Simulations of the water content and wetting front were close to the observed data. To evaluate the effects of various parameters on wetting, additional simulations were carried out with HYDRUS. After the simulation under the HYDRUS environment, we therefore recommended a larger irrigation volume, larger wetting pattern; and when the emitter spacing is shorter, then the wetting patterns should be larger. Due to the heterogeneity of soil texture, the horizontal and vertical distance are almost uniformly in the loam and silt, inversely in loamy sand.
Key words: Drip irrigation, HYDRUS, intersection, soil wetting pattern.
Quanjiu Wang* and Chunxia Wang, Yuyang Shan
Page: 1 - 12
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJIWM/1137Research Article
International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-007, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of irrigation intervals and sulphur fertilizer on growth analyses and yield of Brassica juncea
Issa Piri1, Mohsen Moussavi Nik2, AbolfazlTavassoli3* and Fatemeh Rastegaripour3
1Agriculture Department, Payame Noor University, PO Box 19395-4697, Tehran, I. R. of Iran.
2Department of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran.
3Department of Agriculture, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran.
Accepted 10 July, 220
Abstract
In order to study of Effect of irrigation intervals and sulphur fertilizer on growth analyses and yield of Indian mustard (B. juncea var. Pusa Jagannath), a field experiment was conducted at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during crop season of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009. The experiment was carried out in split plot designed with three replications. The treatments consisted of three levels (no irrigation, one irrigation at 45 days after sowing (DAS) and two irrigations at 45 DAS and 90 DAS) of irrigation in main plots and four levels (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg S/ha) of sulphur in sub-plots. The results showed that in both years of experimentation application of two irrigations significantly increased plant height and number of primary branches per plant over one irrigation, which resulted in significantly higher straw yield. Also application of two irrigations, being on par with one irrigation, significantly increased RGR and NAR over no irrigation at all the stages of plant growth in both the years of investigation. The increasing level of sulphur increased plant height, number of primary branches, yield straw and leaf area index, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate at all the stages of crop growth.
Key words: Indian mustard, irrigation, sulphur, growth indicators.
Mohsen Moussavi Nik, AbolfazlTavassoli* and Fatemeh Rastegaripour, Issa Piri
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJIWM/1136Research Article
International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-009, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Supplemental irrigation effects on yield of two watermelon (Citrulus lanatus) cultivars under semi-arid climate in Kenya
I. I. C. Wakindiki1* and R. K. Kirambia2
1Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314 King William’s Town Road 5700 Alice, South Africa.
2Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, Kenya Methodist University, P. O. Box 267-60200 Meru, Kenya.
Accepted 15 July, 2020
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of the supplemental irrigation using drip, sprinkler and furrow methods on two watermelon cultivars (Charleston grey, and Sugar baby) by studying their growth, yield and quality (Brix index) and economic feasibility under semi-arid climate in Kenya. Cultivars irrigated with drip produced significantly more fruits than those under either sprinkler or furrow. The highest total economic yield of 4.05 Mg/ha in the short rain season (SRS) and 4.95 mg/ha in the long rain season (LRS) was obtained in ‘Charleston grey’ irrigated by drip. The average fruit weight was 6.07 kg in the SRS and 7.42 kg in the LRS. The highest net benefit was US$ 493.3/ha in the SRS and 706.1/ha in the LRS. A 2 or 4-week starter irrigation, drip supplemental irrigation boosted ‘Charleston grey’ yields by 1.78-fold, if water stress occurred during the late vegetative growth. Supplemental irrigation during late vegetative growth decreased the total soluble solids in fruits. Total soluble solids concentration was 5.93°Brix in the SRS and 8.16°Brix in the LRS. The furrow irrigation supplied the most water to the crop resulting in the lowest total soluble solids of watermelons.
Key words: Drought management, irrigation methods, watermelon cultivar.
R. K. Kirambia, I. I. C. Wakindiki*
Page: 1 - 9
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJIWM/1135Research Article
International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-005, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Factors influencing the utilization of financial facilities for under pressure irrigation system
Seyed Jamal Hosseini* and Sahar Dehyouri
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 19 August, 2020
Abstract
The major purpose of this study was to determine factors influencing the utilization of financial facilities provided for under pressure irrigation system by farmers. The total population for this study was 250 participants who adopted the under pressure irrigation systems and 100 respondents were selected by using random sampling methods. The result indicates that 45% of the variance in the perception of respondents about factors influencing them to utilize the financial facilities could be explained by the necessary conditions, amount of water available, social consequences, installation difficulties and number of farming lands.
Key words: Under pressure irrigation system, financial facilities, Esfahan Province, Iran, agriculture bank, utilization.
Sahar Dehyouri, Seyed Jamal Hosseini*
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJIWM/1134Research Article
International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-015, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Does Irrigation enhance and food deficits discourage fertilizer adoption in a risky environment? Evidence from Tigray, Ethiopia
Gebrehaweria Gebregziabher1, 2* and Stein Holden1
1Department of Economics and Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), P.O. Box 5033, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
2International Water Management Institute, Sub Regional Office for Nile Basin & Eastern Africa, Ethiopia, C/o ILRI-Ethiopia Campus, Wereda 17, Kebele 21, P. O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Accepted 02 May, 2020
Abstract
The northern Ethiopian highland in general and the Tigray region in particular is a drought prone area where agricultural production risk is prevalent. Moisture stress is a limiting factor for improved agricultural input mainly fertilizer use. Lack of capital and consumption smoothing mechanisms limits households’ investment in production enhancing agricultural inputs, possibly leading into poverty trap. Using a Cragg (Double Hurdle) model, we analyzed how rainfall risks, access to irrigation and food deficits affect the probability that farm households’ use fertilizer and given that the probability is positive and significant, the amount (intensity) of fertilizer use. Accordingly, we found that households were more likely to use fertilizer and that they used significantly higher amounts of fertilizer on their irrigated plots than on rain-fed plots. Furthermore, households with access to irrigation were more likely to use fertilizer, but the intensity (amount) of fertilizer they used was not significantly different from those households without access to irrigation. In investigating the effect of rainfall risk on fertilizer use, we found that fertilizer use was significantly higher in areas with higher average rainfall and in areas with lower rainfall variability. In general, irrigation was found significantly important for fertilizer adoption mainly in areas with low rainfall and high rainfall variability. Finally, we investigate the effect of food deficit on fertilizer adoption and found that both food self-sufficient and food deficit households were less likely to use fertilizer as coping mechanism. However, among those who decided to adopt, the food deficit households used higher amount of fertilizer than the food self-sufficient.
Keywords: Tigray, irrigation, average rainfall, rainfall variability, food deficit, fertilizer use.
Stein Holden, Gebrehaweria Gebregziabher*
Page: 1 - 15
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJIWM/1133Research Article
International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-007, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of irrigation water on the incidence of Salmonella spp. on lettuces produced by urban agriculture and sold on the markets in Dakar, Senegal
M. L. Ndiaye1,5*, Y. Dieng2, S. Niang1, H. R. Pfeifer3, M. Tonolla4 and R. Peduzzi5,6
1LATEU-Laboratoire de traitement des eaux usées- IFAN- Université Cheikh A. Diop, Dakar, Sénégal.
2Département de parasitologie et mycologie, Université Cheikh A. Diop Dakar, Sénégal.
3IMG-Centre d'Analyse Minérale, Faculté de Géosciences et de l’Environnement, Bâtiment Anthropole, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
4Cantonal Institute of Microbiology, via Mirasole 22A, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
5Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Microbiology Unit, Plant Biology Department, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
6Alpine Biology Center Foundation, Piora, CH-6777 Quinto, Switzerland.
Accepted 22 June, 2020
Abstract
The aim of our survey was to assess the effect of irrigation water of the microbiological quality on the production chain of lettuce in the Dakar area. Microbiological analysis showed that 35% of irrigation water was contaminated by Salmonella spp. between the two water-types used for irrigation (groundwater and wastewater), no significant difference (p>0.05) in their degree of contamination was found. The incidence of different types of irrigation water on the contamination rate of lettuces from the farm (Pikine and Patte d’Oie) was not different either (p>0.05). However, the contamination rate of lettuce from markets of Dalifort and Grand-Yoff that were supplied by the area of Patte d’Oie was greater than those of Sham and Zinc supplied by Pikine (p<0.05). Comparison of serotypes of Salmonella isolated from irrigation water and lettuce showed that irrigation water may affect the microbiological quality of lettuce. Manures, frequently used as organic amendment in cultivating lettuce are another potential source of contamination. These results showed that lettuce may constitute effective vectors for the transmission of pathogens to consumers. Extensive treatment of the used wastewater and/or composting of manure could considerably reduce these risks.
Key words: Urban agriculture, Dakar, irrigation water, Salmonella spp., lettuce, manure.
Y. Dieng, M. L. Ndiaye*, S. Niang, H. R. Pfeifer, M. Tonolla and R. Peduzzi
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJIWM/1132