International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 2756-3804 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of management transfer of irrigation scheme in Düzce valley located in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey

Selçuk ÖZMEN

Department of Biosystem Engineering, University of Düzce, 81620, Düzce, Turkey.

Accepted 13 August, 2021

Abstract

Management transfer of Düzce irrigation scheme was evaluated using appropriate performance indicators and the effects of farmers' opinions on water using and agricultural effectiveness. The results of the analysis indicated that the transfer process was not useful for farmers generally. Transfer management had no effect on sufficiency, equality, and irrigation time. However, maintenance of irrigation channels has gone better even though yet to be improved. Transfer affected management interest in the farmers' wish and suggestion positively, and farmers trusted the irrigation association. But, it is still needed that irrigation association should work on water distribution in the district. The irrigation association should repair the existing ones and construct new irrigation and drainage channel in the scheme network and organize meetings how to increase higher performance of irrigation management for farmers.

Key words: Irrigation, irrigation system performance, irrigation management transfer, Düzce irrigation scheme.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 2756-3804 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Economic impacts of climate change on agriculture and implications for food security in Zimbabwe

Nhemachena Charles

Human Sciences Research Council, 134 Pretorius st, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.

Accepted 06 November, 2021

Abstract 

This study measured the economic impacts of climate change on agriculture in Zimbabwe based on a cross-section survey of over 700 farming households. We applied the Ricardian approach to analyse the response of net revenue from crop and livestock agriculture across smallholder farming systems in the country to changes in climate normals (that is, mean rainfall and temperature). The sensitivity of net farm revenues was used to make inferences on the food security implications of climate change in the country. Results show that net farm revenues are affected negatively by increases in temperature and positively by increases in precipitation. The results from sensitivity analysis suggest that agricultural production in Zimbabwe's smallholder farming system is significantly constrained by climatic factors (high temperature and low rainfall). Farms with irrigation are more resistant to changes in climate, indicating that irrigation is an important adaptation option to help reduce the impact of further changes in climate. Dryland farming predominantly typical in Zimbabwe is the most vulnerable to warming and lower rainfall, whereas the irrigated systems are the most tolerant. These results have important policy implications especially for the need to support dryland smallholder adaptation strategies for agricultural development in the country in light of expected climate changes. For example, irrigation offered better adaptation options for farmers against further warming and drying predicted under various future climate scenarios.

Key words: Economic impacts, climate change, food security, policy implications, Zimbabwe.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 2756-3804 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Productivity of fertirrigated sugarcane in subsurface drip irrigation system

Renato Campos de Oliveira, Fernando Nobre Cunha, Nelmício Furtado da Silva, Marconi Batista Teixeira^*, Frederico Antonio Loureiro Soares and Clarice Aparecida Megguer

Federal Institute of Goiás (Instituto Federal Goiano – IF Goiano), Campus Rio Verde, Goiás GO Brazil.

Accepted 02 November, 2021

Abstract

The productivity and fresh phytomass index of sugarcane cultivated at different water replacement levels using a subsurface drip system, with or without N, were analyzed. Sugarcane plants underwent five water replacement levels (100, 75, 50, 25 and 0%), with or without N application (100 kg ha^-1) in urea. At harvest-time, stalk productivity, water-use efficiency, gross sugar yield, gross alcohol yield, fresh phytomass of tip, dry leaf phytomass, total fresh phytomass and the ratio between the fresh phytomass of tip and stalk productivity were evaluated. A 100% water replacement increased stalk productivity by 40% compared with drought-stricken area management (water replacement 0%) and high efficiency in the exploitation of photoassimilated in stalk production. N-urea application increased by 14% the gross sugar and alcohol yield. Water deficit (water replacement 0%) caused severe decrease (26%) in total phytomass of the sugarcane plant´s aerial section.

Key words: Saccharum officinalis, water replacement, irrigation, nitrogen, water deficit.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 2756-3804 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-011, January, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes in response to water stress

Navkiran Randhawa, Jagmeet Kaur, Sarvjeet Singh and Inderjit Singh

Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India.

Accepted 20 February, 2014

Abstract

Twenty chickpea genotypes were grown under rainout shelter to investigate the influence of water stress treatments imposed at varied growth stages; T₁; Control, T₂; One pre-sowing irrigation, T₃; withholding irrigation at flower-initiation, T₄; withholding irrigation at pod-initiation stage. The plant height, branches, dry weight of stem, leaves and root plant^-1, leaf area, leaf area index were recorded at 120 days after sowing (DAS) which showed significant variation with water stress at varied growth stages. The maximum reduction in height and branches was observed when irrigation was restricted at T₂ stage. Restricted irrigation decreased the biomass of stem, leaves and roots leading to reduced leaf area and leaf area index as well. The yield traits viz. 100 seed weight, total number of pods, percentage filled pods were reduced significantly under stress. The grain yield under restricted conditions was reduced by 40.50 to 55.91% over irrigated control in T ₄ to T₂, respectively. Among the tested genotypes, GL28151, RSG963, PDG3 maintained higher growth, yield and yield traits showing their tolerance to water stress, while GL22044, RSG1861 and RVSSG4 were adversely affected most in growth traits and yield as well.

Key words: Water stress, chickpea, growth traits, yield.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN: 2756-3804 Vol. 8 (8), pp. 001-010, August, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Use of Stable Isotopes to Determine Evaporation, Transpiration and Efficiency of Irrigation Water Use in Cultivated Areas in Egypt

M.Sadek, K.Hagagg and F. Mohammed

Accepted 03 July, 2021

Abstract

The largest consumptive use of water resources in Egypt is for agricultural purposes.  The water balance and efficiency of irrigation water use in agricultural fields is greatly affected by loss of water to the atmosphere through evapotranspiration. The present work is devoted to partition evapotranspiration discharge (ET) into evaporation (E) and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and to explore irrigation water use efficiency and how it is improved by using modern  irrigation techniques in the newly reclaimed zones in Egypt; stable isotopes (Oxygen-18 and Deuterium) as being differently affected by evaporation and transpiration, have been employed for that. The evaporation loss (E) has been determined (5% - 6%) using heavy isotopes enrichment factor of a drying pan, as well as the slope of Oxygen 18 vs Deuterium evaporation trend of collected groundwater samples. The eastern zone of the study area shows a water use efficiency of about 33% where flooding techniques are applied for irrigation using Nile water. In the western zone, groundwater is used for irrigation with spray techniques, the crop transpiration domains, the water loss to atmosphere and water use efficiency is highly improved. The soil infiltration of evaporated return water in the eastern and western zones has been discussed.

Keywords: Stable Isotopes, Evaporation, Transpiration, Water use efficiency, ElMinia.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN: 2756-3804 Vol. 8 (8), pp. 001-008, August, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Improving the production of radish (Raphanus sativus L.cv. local black) by Fe- EDDHA and carrots (Daucus carrota L. var. sativus cv. nates by indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)

Caser G. Abdel

Department of Horticulture, Agriculture College, Dohuk University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 02 September, 2021

Abstract

Seeds of local black radish cultivar (experiment 1) were sown in plots, then plants were sprayed twice after thinning 2 weeks latter by Fe- EDDHA at rates of 0, 20, 30 or 40 mgL^-1. Whereas, seeds of nates carrot cultivar (experiment 2) were sown on plots and furrows, then plants were sprayed twice after thinning and once more at the commencement of root swollen after 3 months by indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at rates of 0, 20, 30 or 40 mgL^-1. The objective of this investigations were to improve growth, yield and yield quality of radish and carrot irrigated whenever 25% of soil available water capacity (AWC) is depleted to a depth of 25 cm. Radish required 146.25 mm supplementary irrigation besides 254.3 mm rainfall incidences during the growing season. Radish yield was substantially increased, as plants sprayed by Fe-EDDHA especially, with 40 mgL ^-1 rate which gave the highest yield (45.47 kgm^-2). Yield was linearly responded to iron rates, and yield responses to Fe-EDDHA rates could be estimated from the following equation: yield (kgm^-2) = [30.0178 + 0.3004 (iron rate)]. Carrots required 175.5 mm supplementary irrigation in addition to 254.3 mm rainfalls. Plot cultivation (11.8 kgm^-2) substantially exceeded its corresponding furrow cultivation (8.7 kgm ^-2) in term of root marketable yield. Yield was quadratically responded to varying IBA rates and could be estimated by the following equation: yield (kgm^-2) = [10.0482 – 0.0558358 (IBA rate) + 0.0019168 (IBA rate)^**2]. The highest marketable yield (12.6 kgm^-2) was obtained from plot cultivated plants sprayed by IBA rate of 40 mgL^-1.

Key words: Radish, carrot, IBA, Fe-EDDHA, supplemental watering.