International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-014, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Proposed model for efficient water management at Razmgan irrigation project, a semi-arid region in Khorasan, Iran

Seyed Mahdi Fatemi¹*, Thamer Ahmed Mohammed¹ and Mohd Amin Bin Mohd Soom²

¹Department of Civil Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

²Department of Biological and Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Accepted 15 September, 2019

Abstract

Yield decrease caused by crop water deficit, especially in low scale farms and established orchards at semi-arid regions, results in a significant decrease in agricultural productivity. In this study an optimal water release of the reservoir based on prioritization in water allocation to the crop sensitive growth periods was linked to a non-linear optimization model in order to enhance the net income in a given cropping pattern. The proposed model by optimal water allocation for each growth stage of the crop reduced the impact of the imposed water stress in the dry season and increased the net income. The LINGO software has been used to evolve the optimal amounts of both water and land for the existing crops. The proposed model was applied for Razmgan area a semi-arid region which is located 10 km south of the Shirvan city, northern Khorasan province, Iran. Various scenarios of the water release from the existing auxiliary reservoir, to remove/reduce the imposed water-stress during the crop growth stages have been explored. Results show in the optimal case, whole of the existing water deficit is removed in months of July, August, September, October and November, only 13% of the deficit remains in month of May and in month of June the amount of deficit decreases to 42.16%. Also the proposed model is efficient and annual net income will increase to 26.21%, moreover, the total water consumption will decrease to 10.71% than the current status.

Key words: Water deficit, agriculture income, sensitive growth stages, cropping pattern, optimal water release.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-009, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effects of different irrigation regimes on yield and silage quality of corn under semi-arid conditions

Mehmet Simsek¹*, Abdullah Can², Nihat Denek³ and Tahsin Tonkaz¹

¹Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Harran Sanliurfa, Turkey.

²Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture, University of Harran Sanliurfa, Turkey.

³Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Harran Sanliurfa, Turkey.

Accepted 10 September, 2019

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different quantities of drip irrigation water on the corn yield and silage quality under semi-arid conditions. The seasonal evapotranspiration (ET_c) for the different irrigation regimes varied from 434 to 947 mm in 2004 and from 468 to 1003 mm in 2005 for total irrigation periods of 108 and 113 days, respectively. Combining data from both years, the relative evapotranspiration deficit (1−ET_a/ET_m) for different regimes was 19 to 54% in corn compared to the maximum seasonal ET_c when water was not limited in the (I₁₀₀) regime. During the course of both years, irrigation had an apparent effect on the total fresh silage yield (FSY), with yields increasing steadily from water stress to fully irrigated conditions, while silage yields increased linearly with the total depth of irrigation water applied between planting and harvest. Combining data from both years showed that the FSY was 35.0, 53.6, 83.3 and 88.9 t ha^-1 for I₂₅, I₅₀, I₇₅ and I₁₀₀, respectively. Moreover, the largest FSY recorded amongst these experiments at maximum seasonal yield in single treatment was 89.1 t ha^-1 in 2004 and 88.7 t ha^-1 in 2005. The water content decreased considerably in all but FSY, while the dry matters yield (DMY), organic matter (OM), acid detergent fiber yield (ADFY) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) increased. Furthermore, the study substantiated that the highest yield and silage quality were obtained at the full (I₁₀₀) irrigation regime.

Key words: Silage, deficit irrigation, yield, silage quality.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Plant growth and protein ratio of spring sown chickpea with various combinations of rhizobium inoculation, nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation under rainfed condition

Mehmet Yagmur¹* and Digdem Kaydan²

¹Ahi Evran University, Agriculture Faculty, Field Crops Department, Kırsehir-Turkey.

²Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department, Van-Turkey.

Accepted 24 September, 2019

Abstract

In the present study, it was aimed to determine the effects of different combination of rhizobium inoculation, nitrogen application and irrigation on nodule dry weight, protein ratio and seed yield of spring sown chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv ILC 482). The field experiment was carried out for two consecutive seasons in Van, Turkey in summer growing seasons of 1999 and 2000. All combinations influenced seed yield and yield components, therefore, there were highly significant differences in plant height (cm), number of branches per plant (plant^-1), number of pods per plant (pods plant^-1), number of seed per plant (seed plant^-1), seed yield (kg ha^-1), and protein ratio (%). The combination of nitrogen (60 kg N ha^-1) and irrigation had the highest seed yield. Moreover, this combination was followed by the combination of inoculation and nitrogen (20 kg N ha^-1) and irrigation (In₁+N₁+Ir₁). In contrast, the combination of uninoculation, no nitrogen application and nonirrigation (In₀₊N₀+Ir₀) had the lowest seed yield. Moreover, the results obtained from the combination of inoculation, nitrogen (20 kg N ha^-1) and irrigation was comparable to that of the combination of nitrogen (60 kg N ha^-1) and irrigation for seed yield. Therefore, the combination of inoculation and nitrogen (20 kgN ha^-1) and irrigation treatment can be use instead of the combination of nitrogen (60 kg N ha^-1) and irrigation in chickpea production for achieving higher seed yield in rainfed condition. It is concluded, that nitrogen or inoculation has superior performance in seed yield and protein ratio under irrigation compared to those of nonirrigation conditions.

Key words: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), irrigation, inoculation, nitrogen fertilizer.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Performance assessment of canal irrigation in Pakistan

A. R. Ghumman¹*, R. A. Khan², H. N. Hashmi³, M. A. Kamal³ and I. T. Khan³

¹Department of Civil Engineering Department, Al Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.

²University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan.

³Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering University, Taxila, Pakistan.

Accepted 11 May, 2019

Abstract

Irrigated agriculture plays an important role in economic development of many countries world wide. Pakistan has a large system of irrigated agriculture. In this research, performance of an irrigation system in Punjab Pakistan has been investigated. Five indicators; Cost Recovery Ratio, Benefit Cost Ratio, Economic Delivery Efficiency, Relative Water Cost and Delivery Performance Ratio have been used to assess performance of the system. The data regarding cost of water paid by farmers, the irrigation benefits per unit water volume, operation and maintenance cost, and total production cost including the cost of irrigation, seed, fertilizer, pesticide, labour, etc. were collected by field measurements, interviews with farmers and market surveys. The data have also been taken from the records of Punjab Irrigation Department. The analysis shows that irrigated agriculture in Pakistan is potentially cost-effective. However, the establishment costs of the system are more, which shows the inefficiency of the managerial system. It was concluded that the Recovery Cost Ratio and Relative Water Cost of the system are 0.777 and 0.311 respectively. Low value of Delivery Performance Ratio indicates inequitable distribution.

Key words: Lower Jhelum, irrigation system, farmers, irrigated agriculture, operation, maintenance.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 6 (12), pp. 001-007, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Performance evaluation of an irrigation project with reference to its irrigation objectives

P. P. Nikhil Raj*, P. A. Azeez and A. Said Hussain

Environmental Impact Assessment Division, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON), Anaikkatty (PO), Coimbatore - 641108, India.

Accepted 15 April, 2019

Abstract

During the late 1950s in India several river valley projects were started for irrigation and power generation. One such project is the Malampuzha project, the largest irrigation project in Kerala state. The project started functioning in 1956. It was expected to cater the irrigation need of 22554 Ha of rice paddy in Palakkad district. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the project by focussing on its original irrigation objectives. Data from the detailed project report (DPR) and those generated from field surveys using a custom made questionnaire was used for the study. The cost – benefit analysis conducted on Malampuzha irrigation project, with reference to its declared irrigation objectives, shows that the performance of the project is not satisfactory.

Key words: Cost benefit analysis, Malampuzha irrigation project, Kerala, detailed project report, performance evaluation.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 6 (11), pp. 001-014, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Fuzzy irrigation greenhouse control system based on a field programmable gate array

Domingo Gómez-Melendez¹, Alvaro López-Lambraño²*,Gilberto Herrera- Ruiz², Carlos Fuentes², Enrique Rico-Garcia², Carlos Olvera-Olvera³, Daniel Alaniz-Lumbrerasc³, T eobaldis Mercado Fernández⁴ and Sven Verlinden⁵

¹Universidad Politécnica de Querétaro, Carretera Estatal 420 S/N, El Rosario, C.P. 76240, El Marqués, Querétaro, México.

²División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, C.P. 76010, Querétaro, Qro, México.

³Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juárez 147 Centro Histórico, C.P. 98000 Zacatecas, México.

⁴Colegio de Postgraduados, Km 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, C.P. 56230, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, México.

⁵Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.

Accepted 16 May, 2019

Abstract

Fuzzy logic provides a methodology to represent, manipulate, and implement heuristic knowledge to control a system. In this work, the development of a fuzzy irrigation control system based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to control greenhouse fertigation was presented. Factors involved in crop nutrition were discussed first. Next, the description of the fuzzy control system was presented, followed by the analysis and design of the fuzzy controller, and its implementation, a FPGA-integrated circuit. The FPGA system is not only flexible (it can be easily reconfigured and reused for different designs) but it also provides rapid prototyping and offers the capability to perform multiple operations at the same time, producing positive economic returns. The design, compilation, and simulation of the system were developed in Active-hardware description language (HDL) using the hardware description language, very high-speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL). Results from simulation and experiments showed the simplicity of the design, the viability of its implementation, and the low cost that the use of a fuzzy logic controller and FPGA system represents.

Key words: Fuzzy logic controller, irrigation system, field programmable gate array (FPGA).