ISSN 2756-3790
Review
International Journal of Horticulture and Floriculture ISSN 2167-0455 Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-019, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Towards the development of green energy saving mechanisms
Abdeen Mustafa Omer
17 Juniper Court, Forest Road, West Nottingham NG7 4EU, UK. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 08 April, 2019
Abstract
Geothermal energy is the natural heat that exists within the earth and that can be absorbed by fluids occurring within, or introduced into the crystal rocks. Although, geographically, this energy has local concentrations, its distribution globally is widespread. The amount of heat that is theoretically available between the earth’s surface and a depth of 5 km is around 140 × 1024 J. Of this, only a fraction (5 × 1021 joules) can be regarded as having economic prospects within the next five decades, and only about 500 × 1018 J is likely to be exploited by the year 2020. Three main techniques used to exploit the heat available are: geothermal aquifers, hot dry rocks and ground source heat pumps (GSHPs). The GSHPs play a key role in geothermal development in Central and Northern Europe. With borehole heat exchangers as heat source, they offer de-central geothermal heating at virtually any location, with great flexibility to meet given demands. In the vast majority of systems, no space cooling is included, leaving the GSHPs with some economic constraints. Nevertheless, a promising market development first occurred in Switzerland and Sweden, and now also is obvious in Austria and Germany. Approximately 20 years of R and D focusing on borehole heat exchangers resulted in a well-established concept of sustainability for this technology, as well as in sound design and installation criteria. The market success brought Switzerland to the third rank worldwide in geothermal direct use. The future prospects are good, with an increasing range of applications including large systems with thermal energy storage for heating and cooling, The GSHPs are in densely populated development areas and borehole heat exchangers for cooling of telecommunication equipment, etc. This article reviews some interactions between buildings and environment. The correct assessment of climate helps to create buildings, which are successful in their external environment, while knowledge of sick buildings helps to avoid unsuccessful internal environments. The sections on energy conservation and green buildings suggest how the correct design and use of buildings can help to improve total environment.
Keywords: Green buildings, ground source heat pump, environment.
Abdeen Mustafa Omer
Page: 1 - 19
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJHF/1078Research Article
International Journal of Horticulture and Floriculture ISSN 2167-0455 Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-008, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessment of inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique in mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana L.) grown in different Sumatra region
Ellina Mansyah1*, Sobir2, Edi Santosa2 and Roedhy Poerwanto2
1Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute, Jl Raya Solok-Aripan, Km. 8., P. O. Box 5, Solok, West Sumatra, Indonesia.
2Center for Tropical Fruit Study, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl Padjadjaran, Bogor, 16143, West Java, Indonesia.
Accepted 05 March, 2019
Abstract
Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to examine the level of genetic diversity in mangosteen. Twenty three accessions of the Garcinia mangostana collection from Sumatra region were screened for ISSR markers. Eleven random ISSR primers were chosen to differentiate the investigated accessions. The primers generated 72 bands of which 42 (58%) were polymorphic and 30 bands (42%) monomorphic. From the 11 primers tested, two primers were monomorphic. Seven of the nine polymorphic primers produced fingerprint profiles unique to the RT accession from Tembilahan (Riau Province). Cluster analysis divided the accessions into two major groups with genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 0.44 - 0.96. The first group contained only cultivar RT (elliptical stigma lobe) and the second group consisted of 22 accessions (round stigma lobe) which could be divided clearly into six sub-clusters. One of the sub-clusters contained accessions from the same region of Bangka Island and the others contained combination of accessions derived from different locations. The result shows that mangosteen accessions with different genetic background exist in this region. This confirms the general opinion that mangosteen is uniform in genetic.
Key words: Inter-simple sequence repeat, mangosteen, genetic similarity.
Sobir , Ellina Mansyah*, Edi Santosa and Roedhy Poerwanto
Page: 1 - 8
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJHF/1077Research Article
International Journal of Horticulture and Floriculture ISSN 2167-0455 Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Use of soil water content in deciding the sowing time in dry land agriculture
José Dimas López Martínez*, Cirilo Vázquez Vazquez, Enrique Salazar Sosa, Enrique- Salazar Melendez, Rafael Zúñiga Tarango and Héctor Idilio Trejo Escareño
División de Estudios de Postgrado, Facultad de Agricultura y Zootecnia-Universidad Juárez del Estado de- Durango, Apartado Postal 142, CP 35000, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México.
Accepted 05 March, 2019
Abstract
Precipitation is the most important issue under dry land condition agriculture. However, soil water amount is the best parameter to decide the hydraulic stress level in crops. The main objective of this study was to determine a statistical model in deciding whether to plant or not under dry land condition. This model used soil water amount condition as the most important parameter. Two experiments were established in the summer of 2006 and 2007, respectively at the Francisco Villa community, in the estate of Durango, México. The two corn genotypes used in this experiment were White Hualahuises and H-412, soil water amounts were measured since the beginning in each plot. Also, grain yields were weighed for statistical analysis, which consisted of 2*2 contingency tables and X2 interaction usage to estimate soil water amount for planting. The results indicated that the optimum soil water range for planting varies from 6.5 to 8.2 cm, for Blanco Hualahuises and 6.5 to 8.0 cm for H-412, in 2006; and 6.5 to 7.7 cm for Blanco Hualahuises in 2007. The main conclusion is that the X2 interaction is a good tool to determine soil water ranges at the beginning of corn planting. Thus, farmer can decide whether to plant or not.
Key words: Genotypes, X2 interaction, grain yield.
Enrique Salazar Sosa, José Dimas López MartÃnez*, Enrique- Salazar Melendez, Rafael Zúñiga Tarango and Héctor Idilio Trejo Escareño, Cirilo Vázquez Vazquez
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJHF/1076Research Article
International Journal of Horticulture and Floriculture ISSN 2167-0455 Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Computerized system for identification of some savanna tree species in Nigeria
A. A. Abdulrahaman1*, I. B. Asaju2, M. O. Arigbede2 and F. A. Oladele1
1Department of Plant Biology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
2Department of Computer Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Accepted 11 March, 2019
Abstract
A computerized system named LEASYS was developed to serve as a modern, less time-consuming and less cumbersome method of plant identification. The LEASYS system used was based on simultaneous narrowing of two classification systems that is, vertical and horizontal characters, and supplying these systems with an appropriate Boolean operator (the AND operator preferably). The system was based on leaf morphology of some savanna tree species in Nigeria. For the purpose of this study, selected plants were identified based on possession of either simple or compound leaves. The system is amenable to expansion to cater for identification of other species in the plant kingdom.
Key words: Computer, herbarium, LEASYS system, plant identification, taxonomy.
M. O. Arigbede and F. A. Oladele, I. B. Asaju, A. A. Abdulrahaman*
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJHF/1074Research Article
International Journal of Horticulture and Floriculture ISSN 2167-0455 Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A low cost nutrient formulation with a buffer for simplified hydroponics systems
J. S. Saparamadu1*, R. D. Wijesekera2, H. D. Gunawardhana2 and W. A. P. Weerakkody3
1Department of Chemistry, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
2Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka.
3Department of Crop Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
Accepted 21 February, 2019
Abstract
The pH of the nutrient solution is a major determinant of nutrient uptake by the plants. The most suitable pH range for the plants is recognized as 5.8 - 6.5. Therefore, the pH of the nutrient solution has been adjusted to this range before application, using a pH meter. Further more, the pH of the root solution might change with time after application due to many factors and it is not practical to adjust the pH of the root solution homogeneously in a aggregate type hydroponics plant bed. These problems can be overcome by incorporating a buffer system into the nutrient formulation. A new nutrient formulation with a buffer (NF) was designed and prepared using commercial grade compounds. The buffer system HPO42-/ H2PO4- was prepared using KOH and H3PO4 which are also used as sources of K and P in the nutrient formulation. Therefore, no additional cost was incurred due to the buffer system. The buffer capacity was determined as 4 mmol / dm3. The success of the buffer was evaluated by measuring its ability to withstand pH changes in the plant bed. A field trial was carried out with the formulation NF and commercially available nutrient pack (Al) which does not incorporate a buffer, for tomato and bean plants in a simplified hydroponics system under external environmental conditions. The pH of the solutions in plant beds was measured daily during the first two weeks after transplanting/sowing. The overall pH change in the root solution, two weeks after transplanting (compared to the pH of the solution applied), was less when the tomato and bean plant beds were treated with NF than with Al. This can be attributed to the buffering action of the HPO42-/ H 2PO4- buffer system in the NF formulation. Since commercial grade chemicals are used to prepare the pack, the cost of the pack is very much less than similar packs available in the market.
Key words: hydroponics buffers, hydroponics nutrients, pH and plants, buffer system KOH, KH2PO4, nutrient solutions.
R. D. Wijesekera, H. D. Gunawardhana and W. A. P. Weerakkody, J. S. Saparamadu*
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJHF/1073Research Article
International Journal of Horticulture and Floriculture ISSN 2167-0455 Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Anatomical studies of stems, roots and leaves of selected citrus rootstock varieties in relation to their vigour
Muhammad Saeed1*, P. B. Dodd2 and Lubna Sohail3
1Kapital Produce Ltd., 459 Talbot Street West, Leamington Ontario, N8H 4H5, Canada.
2Department of Agriculture and Horticulture, Wye College, University of London, Nr Ashford, Kent TN25 5AH, London.
3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
The present studies were carried out to consolidate information on anatomical features of stem, root and leaves from different vigour groups of citrus rootstock varieties. Troyer citrange (Citrus sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata), rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri), swingle citrumelo (Citrus paradisi × P. trifoliata), sweet lime (Citrus limettioides), carrizo citrange (C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata), sour orange (Citrus aurantium) and flying dragon (P. trifoliata) were examined to investigate relationships between their internal structure and vigour. It was found that vigorous rootstock, rough lemon (C. jambhiri) possessed lower proportions of bark (phloem) in the stems and roots as well as larger vessel elements in the xylem, when compared with least vigorous rootstocks, flying dragon (P. trifoliata). Smaller but more vessel elements were found in stem cross-sections than root cross-sections of three month’s old rootstock seedlings. The possible mechanism of vascular differentiation induced by young leaf primordia, following the original polarity and developing toward the roots is discussed.
Key words: Citrus rootstock, anatomical features, stem, root, leaves.
Muhammad Saeed*, P. B. Dodd and Lubna Sohail
Page: 1 - 8
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJHF/1072