ISSN 2756-3790
Research Article
International Journal of Horticulture and Floriculture ISSN 2167-0455 Vol. 7 (11), pp. 001-013, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Inventory and distribution of the Annonaceae along elevation gradient on Mount Cameroon
Mekou Y. Bele1*, Derek A. Focho2,3, Enow A. Egbe3 and Bindeh G. Chuyong3
1Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Central Africa Regional Office. P.O. Box 2008, Yaounde-Cameroon.
2Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 222 Dschang, Cameroon.
3Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63 Buea, SW Cameroon.
Accepted 19 August, 2019
Abstract
This work was carried out on Mount Cameroon, South West Region of Cameroon. It focused on producing an inventory and distribution of Annonaceae along the elevation gradient on the mountain. As a matter of fact, how Annonaceae flora change along an elevation gradient has never been studied for Mount Cameroon. The Complete Census Method was used. Twelve sites, located at three elevation categories: low (lowland: sea level to 700 m), mid (submontane: 800 to 1800 m), and high (montane: 2200 to 3500 m) were investigated. At each site, 8 transects of 500 m × 10 m were sampled and all the Annonaceae species enumerated. To supplement the information gathered on measured plots and to generate a complete list of target species, plotless sample method was used. This entailed the collection of materials along footpaths and within particular habitats such as ravines, seasonal streams, and disturbed areas. A total of 49 species in 21 genera including climbers, shrubs and trees were collected and identified from both plot and plotless samples. Low and mid elevations were rich in Annonaceae with 37 species in 17 genera and 31 species in 16 genera, respectively. The family was nearly absent from high elevation with only one species. Sixteen species in 10 genera were restricted to low elevation and 11 species in 8 genera confined to the mid elevation. Only Uvariodendron connivens was abundantly found at both low and mid elevations. Three species were frequent and confined to low elevation only. One and five species appeared occasionally and were restricted to low and mid elevations, respectively. 23, 18 and 1 species were rare at low, mid and high elevations respectively. Low elevation showed a higher species diversity (H' = 2.65) than the mid elevation (H' = 0.48). The high elevation with two individuals in a single species was the least diverse (H' = 0.15). The species were more even in their abundance distribution within the low elevation (J = 0.76) than in the mid elevation (J = 0.15).
Key words: Inventory, elevational distribution, Annonaceae, Mount Cameroon.
Derek A. Focho, Mekou Y. Bele*, Enow A. Egbe and Bindeh G. Chuyong
Page: 1 - 13
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJHF/1099Research Article
International Journal of Horticulture and Floriculture ISSN 2167-0455 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-004, October, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of GA3 and kinetin on growth, yield and quality of sprouting broccoli (BRASSICA OLERACEA var. italica)
Manjit Singh, D. K. Rana*, J. M. S. Rawat and S. S. Rawat
Department of Horticulture, Chauras Campus, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal) 246174, Uttarakhand, India.
Accepted 12 May, 2019
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during the winter season of 2009 to 2010 on sprouting broccoli cultivar Palam Samridhi at Horticultural Research Centre and Department of Horticulture, H.N.B Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal) Uttarakhand, India. 4 weeks old seedlings were treated before transplanting by dipping their roots for 24 h in different concentration of GA3 (gibberellic acid), kinetin and their combinations solutions. The GA3, kinetin and their combination significantly influenced the growth performance, yield and quality characters of sprouting broccoli. GA3 30 mg L-1 + kinetin 30 mg L-treatment gave maximum growth and yield of sprouting broccoli whereas, highest vitamin A content found with 40 mg L-1 GA3 and vitamin C was found maximum in GA3 20 mg L-1 + kinetin 20 mg L-1 dipping.
Key words: Gibberellic acid, kinetin, Brassica oleracea var. italica, quality, yield.
J. M. S. Rawat and S. S. Rawat, Manjit Singh, D. K. Rana*
Page: 1 - 4
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJHF/1098Research Article
International Journal of Horticulture and Floriculture ISSN 2167-0455 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-012, October, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of anthropogenic activities on genetic diversity and population structure of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) growing in West Virginia
Samuel G. Obae1* and Todd P. West2
1Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Road, Unit 4067, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
2Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Dept # 7670, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
Accepted 15 July, 2019
Abstract
Using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, genetic variation and population structure of wild and cultivated American ginseng growing in West Virginia (WV) was assessed. Also, the effects of cultivation intensity and harvest pressure on genetic diversity of ginseng populations were evaluated. Eight primers were used to amplify DNA samples from 468 plants, generating a total of 98 band fragments of which 84 were polymorphic. Overall mean genetic diversity measures were lower in West Virginia populations compared to populations from Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. Among West Virginia populations, mean genetic diversity indices were higher in cultivated than in wild populations but differences were not significant. Means of genetic diversity indices were higher in wild populations from low harvest pressure region [percent polymorphism (P) = 33.33%, Nei's (1973) gene diversity (H) = 0.1172, and Shannon’s index (I) = 0.1743] compared to those from high harvest pressure region (P = 28.27%, H = 0.1019, I = 0.1513), however, these indices were not significantly different (P > 0.05, Mann-Whitney test). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) however showed significant genetic differentiation (P < 0.001) within and among wild populations (48.37 and 54.10% respectively). Cultivated ginseng populations from a region with low cultivation intensity had lower levels of genetic diversity indices (P = 29.93%, H = 0.0948, I = 0.1609) compared to populations from a region with high cultivation intensity (P = 60.60%, H = 0.2593, I = 0.3243), these indices were significantly different (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney test). AMOVA further revealed that in cultivated populations, 53.68 and 42.11% of the total genetic variation was attributed to within and among population differentiation in regions respectively and 4.20% of genetic variation existed between regions. Based on these data, it is evident that genetic diversity of American ginseng is substantially increased with increase in its cultivation intensity. This can be ascribed to higher levels of gene flow associated with sourcing of seeds from various sources to meet cultivation needs of large scale growers. Even though genetic variability among populations experiencing different harvest pressure was not statistically significant in this study, the lower genetic diversity indices exhibited in wild populations from high harvest pressure regions underscores the potential impacts of harvesting pressure on genetic diversity of this medicinal plant. Thus, the data presented in this study will be useful in guiding conservation strategies for this economically important but threatened medicinal species.
Key words: Cultivation intensity, harvest pressure, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD).
Samuel G. Obae*, Todd P. West
Page: 1 - 12
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJHF/1097Research Article
International Journal of Horticulture and Floriculture ISSN 2167-0455 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-007, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Biocontrol approach to management of greenpeach aphid MYZUS PERSICAE in garden peas for a sustainable ecosystem
Ochieng, S. O.1 and Nderitu, P. W.2
1Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P. O. Box 62000-00100 Nairobi, Kenya.
2Department of Seed, Crop and Horticultural Sciences, Moi University, P. O. Box 1125-30100 Eldoret, Kenya.
Accepted 12 May, 2019
Abstract
Green peach aphid has been a significant pest of garden peas in Kenya for many years, because of its capacity to transmit viruses. Despite advances in integrated pest management, and frequent use of insecticides, the industry is still plagued by the insect. Adding to the problem is the fact that the peach aphid has proved to be resistant to various insecticides; there is a need to shift emphasis on biological control agents and softer chemicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate hard and soft chemical products in their ability to control MYZUS PERSICAE and their effects on aphid parasitoids. The treatments evaluated were dish washing soap with insecticidal properties, Teepol®, neem based insecticide, Achook® and a pyrethroid, Karate®. Efficacy was evaluated by taking aphid and parasitized aphid counts on 2 cm portion of the shoot tip/leaves of selected shoots before treatments were applied, once a week for four weeks. The treatments were applied at the concentrations recommended by the manufacturers. The three insecticides controlled the aphids. There was no significant difference in aphid numbers between the three insecticides. The population of aphids on the control was high. Except for the Karate treatment, the other two insecticides tested did not have an adverse effect on aphid parasitoid. Teepol and Achook promise to be useful agents for controlling green peach aphids in garden peas and at the same time are friendly to the aphid parasitoid.
Key words: Integrated pest management, Pisium sativum, parasitoid, Myzus persicae, biocontrol.
S. O and Nderitu, P. W., Ochieng
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJHF/1095Research Article
International Journal of Horticulture and Floriculture ISSN 2167-0455 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-004, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Households’ exploitation of non-wood forest products (NWFPs) in Okitipupa Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria
A. S. Oyekale* and D. O. Ajesi
Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Accepted 17 May, 2019
Abstract
Exploitation of NWFPs poses serious threat to sustainable forest management in Nigeria. This study analyzed the driving forces for exploiting forest products in Okitipupa Local Government area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Data were obtained through structured questionnaires that were randomly administered to farmers. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis and Tobit regression. Results show that monetary worth of monthly collections of NWFPs is N12,167.50 and fuel wood has the highest average monthly collection worth N 3,576.50. The Tobit regression shows that community variable sex, age of house heads number of dependant farming as primary occupation, having alternative means of meeting the needs for NWFPs and dependants income show statistical significance (p<0.05). It was recommended that efforts to reduce degradation of NWFPs must consider development of research into provision of alternatives to some of the resources, reduction in demographic pressure and keen consideration of some cultural gender factors.
Key words: Degradation, forest products, exploitation, Ondo state.
D. O. Ajesi, A. S. Oyekale*
Page: 1 - 4
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJHF/1094Review
International Journal of Horticulture and Floriculture ISSN 2167-0455 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-004, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Integration of trees in orchards: Opportunities to increase tree cover in Punjab
W. S. Dhillon*, H. V. Srinidhi, Chaturjeet Singh and Navjot
Department of Horticulture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, -141004. India.
Accepted 18 February, 2019
Abstract
Farming in Punjab has been the predominantly economic activity managing food production system. Integration of trees on agriculture land is increasingly appreciated as an important strategy for secured additional economic income. This is demonstrated by the 0.37% cropping area being under Wheat-poplar system. The extension of this strategy is the integration of trees in orchards in the state. Various fruits like Guava, Kinnow, Pear, Peach, and Plum are being grown on 47087 hectares in the state. Integration of short rotation woody perennials in this land use system definitely contributes to the increased income and other intangible ecological benefits. This could also be one of the potential strategies towards diversification of farming system in the state. There is a wide gap between the operational area and potential areas which can be bought under combination of fruits and trees. Moreover, little understanding on the interaction between trees and fruit trees and many areas such as nutrient cycling, water and soil moisture conservation, melioration of microclimate which tender resilience to the complex system still remains untouched. Accurate, concise and clear information facilitates the recommendations on choice between alternatives and promoting the horti- silvi models. The deficiency of reliable yield data based on empirical work calls for efforts in the research and development through which site specific technology packages can be disseminated. The existing operational models include integration of eucalyptus and poplar trees in orchards. Several other short rotation tree species such as Gmelina arborea, Anthocephalus cadamba, Ailanlhes excelsa, Melia azedarch are known to be performing equally well. This paper attempts to focus on reviewing the role of trees in orchards, supporting evidences from existing system and strategies for reducing the gap for further recommendations.
Key words: Peach, pear, plum, poplar.
H. V. Srinidhi, Chaturjeet Singh and Navjot, W. S. Dhillon*
Page: 1 - 4
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJHF/1093