ISSN 2375-1096
Research Article
International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture ISSN 2375-1096 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Phytoextracting cadmium and copper using Mucuna pruriens
E. O. Nwaichi*, M. O. Wegwu and E. N. Onyeike
Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P. M. B. 5323, Rivers State. Nigeria.
Accepted 13 December, 2019
Abstract
Mucuna pruriens var pruriens commonly known as Mucuna, a fast-growing, high-biomass-accumulating plant was investigated to underscore its suitability for metal (Cd and Cu) extraction in an oil spill condition. Process enhancement was made using NPK, UREA and Poultry manure fertilizers. These amendments facilitated metals availability in the order PM>NPK>UREA for Cd extraction and PM>UREA >NPK for Cu extraction for both root and shoot samples. Mucuna accumulated appreciable quantities of Cd (up to 32 mg/kg) and Cu (up to 62 mg/kg) metals in their tissue regardless of the concentration of metal in the soil and achieve > 50% contaminant removal for both Cu and Cd. Extraction was maximal with increased metal bioavailability evident in PM treated groups. Below 10% (w/v) pollution, non-assisted Mucuna competed favourably with those of amendment-assisted groups for Cd extraction into tissues. However, there was a marked variation between non-assisted and assisted groups for Cu extraction into tissues.
Key words: Mucuna, extraction, amendment, metals, soil.
E. A. Adebayo*, O. N. Majolagbe and B. T. Adekeye, O. S. Taiwo, O. R. Ishola
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAS/1089Research Article
International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture ISSN 2375-1096 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-014, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Gum arabic yield in different varieties of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd in Kenya
C. Wekesa1*, P. Makenzi1, B. N. Chikamai2 , J. K. Lelon2, A. M. Luvanda2 and M. Muga
1Environmental Science Department, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya.
2Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), P.O. Box 20412-00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
Accepted 16 October, 2019
Abstract
A comparative study was conducted at four locations namely Ngare Ndare, Daaba, Kulamawe and Ntumburi to assess gum arabic yield per tree per picking for different varieties of natural stands Acacia senegal (var. kerensis; var. senegal and var. leiorhachis) in Kenyan drylands for a period of five months. Sample plots measuring 1 hectare were established, one at each study site. Trees in each sample plot were measured for basal diameter and classified into three diameter classes (3.0 - 6.0, 6.1 - 9.0 and 9.0 cm). 10 trees from each diameter class were tapped while another 10 trees left untapped. Data collected was analyzed using Genstat version 10.0. Results showed that there was a significant difference in gum arabic yield (p<0.001) between tapped and non-tapped A. senegal trees as well as between tree stems and branches. Tapping increased gum arabic yield by 77.42%. Yield was highly affected by soil moisture and soil temperature, correlating negatively and positively respectively. Trees with basal diameter of 3.0 - 6.0 cm produced high quantities of gum arabic than big trees of basal diameter >6.0 cm for A. senegal varieties senegal and leiorhachis (p<0.001) . These findings in the present study can be used for predicting yield in relation to the variety and site.
Key words: Natural stands, gum arabic, yield, Acacia senegal varieties, tree tapping, basal diameter.
P. Makenzi, J. K. Lelon, B. N. Chikamai, C. Wekesa*, A. M. Luvanda and M. Muga
Page: 1 - 14
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAS/1088Research Article
International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture ISSN 2375-1096 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-009, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
An improved method for screening Fusarium stalk rot resistance in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench.)
T. Tesso1*, N. Ochanda1, L. Claflin2 and M. Tuinstra3
1Kansas State University, Department of Agronomy, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
2Kansas State University Department of Plant Pathology, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
3Purdue University, Department of Agronomy, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Accepted 12 September, 2019
Abstract
Screening for resistance to Fusarium stalk rot under natural infection has been difficult because of irregularities in disease development. The toothpick inoculation technique was introduced to overcome this problem, but it lacked a mechanism to monitor inoculum dose. In this study, we introduce an improved procedure where inoculum doses are monitored and disease incubation periods are optimized. Five inoculum doses of Fusarium verticillioides (0, 1 × 103, 1 × 104, 1 × 105 and 1 × 106 conidia ml-1) and five disease incubation periods (14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days) were studied using sorghum genotypes of variable stalk rot reaction. Plants were inoculated on day 14 after flowering. Disease reaction was scored as length (cm) of necrotic lesion and number of nodes crossed. The effects of both inoculum dose and incubation period were significant. Inoculum doses of 1 × 104 conidia ml-1 and greater and incubation periods of 21 to 42 days clearly resolved differences among genotypes. Noting the burden of producing a highly concentrated inoculum and the lack of need to keep plants after physiological maturity, incubation for 28 days following inoculation with 1 × 104 to 1 × 105 conidia ml-1 is recommended for germplasm screening.
Key words: Stalk rot, Fusarium, Sorghum bicolor, inoculum dose (ID), incubation period (IP).
T. Tesso*, N. Ochanda, L. Claflin and M. Tuinstra
Page: 1 - 9
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAS/1087Research Article
International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture ISSN 2375-1096 Vol. 7 (11), pp. 001-007, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Stem and leaf anatomy of ten Geranium L. species in Iran
Fahimeh Salimpour¹*, Ali Mazooji² and Samira Onsori³
1Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Iran.
2Islamic Azad University, Roodehen Branch, Iran.
3Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Iran
Accepted 19 September, 2019
Abstract
An anatomical study on stem and leaf of ten species of Geranium has been performed in order to distinguish tuberous from rhizomatous species. Cross section of stem, number of palisade parenchyma, presence or absence of crystals and shape of epidermal cells in leaf are important characters to distinguish taxa.
Key words: Anatomy, Taxonomy, Geraniaceae, Iran.
Fahimeh Salimpour*, Ali Mazooji and Samira Onsori
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAS/1085Research Article
International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture ISSN 2375-1096 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-010, October, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of cuttings diameter and indol acetic acid on rooting of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. stem cuttings
Ouinsavi C.1*, Sourou B.1, Houètchégnon T.1, Wédjangnon A.1, Dossa B.1, Akin Y.1,2, Dossou J.1, Houndjo M-R.1
1Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherches Forestières, University of Parakou, Rep. of Benin
2Laboratoire de Biostatistique et Estimations Forestières, University of Abomey-Calavi, Rep. of Benin.
Accepted 01 August, 2019
In order to develop a viable and large-scale Pterocarpus erinaceus seedling production strategy for reforestation, stem cuttings test was carried out using 15 cm length 1.5 to 3.5 cm diameter cuttings, harvested from healthy trees at approximately the same levels on young branches in the morning time. Various levels of Indol Acetic Acid (IAA) dose, cuttings diameters and soaking duration of cuttings into IAA were tested. Cuttings budding, shoots diameter and height as well as number of leaves were recorded. We performed a binomial logistic regression, analysis of variance and generalized linear regression to evaluate the effect of various factors on budding rates, bud bursting and rooting, to assess the effect of these factors on shoots diameter and height, and the effect on the number of leafy shoots. The results showed high rates of budding and bud bursting (>70), whatever the cuttings diameter. Cuttings treated with IAA showed the highest budding rate (>80%). Cuttings diameter significantly influence the number of leafy shoots per budded cuttings, shoots diameter and height (p<0.05). P. erinaceus can be successfully propagated by stem cuttings combining suitable cutting diameter (2 – 3 cm) and appropriate dose of IAA (1500 - 2000mg/l) for twenty minutes and one hour.
Key words: Cuttings diameter; Indol Acetic Acid; Pterocarpus erinaceus; vegetative propagation; seedlings growth.
Wédjangnon A, Ouinsavi C*, Akin Y, Sourou B, Houètchégnon T, Dossa B, Dossou J and Houndjo M-R
Page: 1 - 10
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAS/1084Research Article
International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture ISSN 2375-1096 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-008, October, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Appraisal of methods for assessing black Sigatoka resistance in diploid banana populations
A. Barekye1,2*, P. Tongoona1, J. Derera1, M. D. Laing1 and W. K. Tushemereirwe2
1African Centre for Crop Improvement (ACCI), School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
2National Banana Research Programme, National Agricultural Research Organisation, P.O. Box 7065, Kampala, Uganda.
Accepted 11 July, 2019
Abstract
Three black Sigatoka assessment protocols, (i) assessing disease severity 6 months after planting, (ii) estimating disease development over time in the different accessions, and (iii) assessing the youngest leaf spotted (YLS) at flowering were appraised. The assessment was implemented on 18 diploid accessions together with susceptible and resistant checks, planted in a 4 × 5 rectangular lattice design with two replicates at Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute in Uganda during 2005 to 2007. Natural disease inoculum was used with experimental plots planted in locations between the rows of a susceptible local cultivar that acted as a spreader. All the three assessment techniques were able to classify the MUSA accessions into resistant and susceptible classes. However, the rankings of the clones according to their resistance were not consistent. The rankings of YLS correlated positively with those of area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) (P<0.05). The AUDPC rankings correlated strongly with the rankings of disease development time (P<0.001). The AUDPC and YLS significantly predicted bunch weight although the coefficient of determination was low. Overall AUDPC resulted in the highest coefficient of determination (R2=0.84) in detecting black Sigatoka response among the diploid MUSA clones. Considering the time taken for the banana plants from planting to flowering, it is recommended that the disease resistance be assessed six months after planting and the disease severity data be converted into AUDPC data.
Key words: Youngest leaf spotted, disease development, severity.
M. D. Laing and W. K. Tushemereirwe, A. Barekye*, P. Tongoona, J. Derera
Page: 1 - 8
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAS/1083