International Journal of Agricultural Sciences

International Journal of Agricultural sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 5 (2), pp. 399-406, March, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full length Research paper

Interactive effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the performance of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa l.) Cultivars

¹Saidu A* and ² Y. A. Abayomi

¹Crop Production Department, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.

E- mail:[email protected]

²Department of Agronomy, University of Ilorin. Nigeria.

Accepted 30 December, 2014

Abstract 

Field experiments were conducted at the research field of the National Cereals Research Institute, Badeggi, Niger State, Nigeria (Lat. 9^o 45’ N, Long.06^o 07’ E). The experiments were designed as 5 x 4 factorial in Randomized Complete Block and laid out in split-plots arrangement, replicated three times. Results showed that the application of different combinations of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer resulted in significantly better growth and grain yield (2.51 t/ha for 1 t/ha + 20 kg N/ha urea and 2.26 t/ha for 0.5 t/ha + 40 kg N/ha urea), compared to the none application of any form of soil amendment (control) (1.38 t/ha), with the parameters also varying significantly among the soil amendments. The use of combined organic manure and inorganic fertilizer, more importantly, 1 t/ha PM + 20 kg N/ha and the cultivation of the NERICA 1 rice variety, are hereby recommended for the farmers in the experimental area.

Key words: Poultry manure, inorganic fertilizer (urea), plant height, tiller count, number of panicles, 100grain weight, grain yield.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 5 (2), pp. 393-398, March, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full length Research

Effects of some red Algae on antioxidant and phytochemical contents of Maize (Zea mays L.) plants

Mahmoud A. Al-Saman¹, Safinaz A. Farfour^2* and Ragaa A. Hamouda³

¹Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI),University of Sadat City, Egypt.

²Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI),University of Sadat City, Egypt.

³Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI),University of Sadat City, Egypt.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 02 December, 2014

Abstract 

Biofertilizers have many beneficial effects for environment and agriculture especially in controlling many of plant diseases and enhancing the growth of a lot of crops. The effect of three species of red marine algae i.e., Laurenciaobtusa, Corallina elongate and Janiarubens was evaluated to enhance the phytochemical contents of maize (Zea mays L.) plants to improve the production and plant disease controlling. After 60 days from planting, application of single algae or their mixtures significantly enhanced the phytochemical contents of maize plants. The application of Janiarubens increased both of whole plant nitrogen content and protein content by 129.2% while application of Janiarubens+Corallina elongate increased the sugar contents by 32.4% and it was the superior treatment in increasing shoot polyphenolic contents and antioxidants content while the treatment of Corallina elongate was the superior one in increasing the shoot polyphenolic content, shoot antioxidants and root tannic acid content. Application of the three algae gave the highest amount in the root tannic acid content.

Key words: Red algae, marine algae, maize, phytochemicals, polyphenol, antioxidant capacity.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 5 (1), pp. 381-385, January, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full length Research paper

^{Response of Grain Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.) Cultivars to different fertilizer levels under rainfed condition}

¹P. Sujathamma, ²K. Kavitha and ³V. Suneetha

¹Scientist (Agronomy), Regional Agril, Research Station, Palem-509215, Mahabubnagr, Telanagana, India.

²Scientist (Entomology), RARS, Palem-509215, Mahabubnagr, Telanagana, India.

³Assistant professor, APT, Palem-509215, Mahabubnagr, Telanagana, India.

Email:[email protected]

Accepted 10 December, 2014

Abstract 

Sorghum cultivars are known to vary in their response to fertilizers. Therefore, a field study was conducted during kharif 2013 with eight sorghum cultivars (SPH 1703, SPH 1705, SPV 2110, SPV 2122, SPV 2061, CSH 16, CSV 20 and CSV 23) and three fertilizer levels (50% RDF, 75% RDF and 100% RDF). Effect of these treatments was observed on crop growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and economics. Among the cultivars the highest grain yield (3.9 t ha^-1), gross returns (Rs 98.8x10³ ha^-1), net returns (Rs 74.7x10³ ha^-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.1) as well as the highest N, P, K uptake by grain was recorded with SPH 1703,  which was on par with SPV 2122. Among the fertilizer levels, application of 100% RDF (N-P₂O₅-K₂O 80-40-40 kg ha^-1) recorded the highest grain (3.75 t ha^-1) and stover (14.3 t ha^-1) yields, gross returns (Rs 96.7 x 10³ ha^-1), net returns (Rs 71.5 x 10³ ha^-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.8) as well as the highest N, P, K uptake both by grain and stover.

Key words: Grain Sorghum, cultivars, fertilizer levels, monetary returns, NPK uptake.

International Journal of Agricultural Science ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 5 (1), pp. 390-392, January, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full length Research paper

Omega-3 fatty acids composition and lipid content from liver and muscle tissues of Katsuwonus pelamis in the Chabahar Port in the south west of Iran

Keivandokht Samiee¹, Abdolhossein Rustaiyan^2* and Zahra Nurtaj³

¹Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

²Department of Chemistry, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

³Department of Marine Sciences and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 18 December, 2014

Abstract 

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids that are essential nutrients for health. ‌ New studies are identifying potential benefits for a wide range of conditions including cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and other autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. In this investigation, the liver and muscle tissues of Katsuwonus pelamis from the Iranian Port of Chabahar in March 2013 were separately extracted for their lipid content especially omega-3 fatty acids composition using the method of Blight and Dyer. The compounds were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC- MS). The components detected in the liver and muscle tissues, include saturated fatty acids Palmitic acid and Stearic acid, monounsaturated fatty acid Oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and  Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), two methyl esters of fatty acids including Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester. The results showed that docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids were the dominant Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the species.

Key words: Omega-3, fatty acids, lipid content, liver, muscle, Katsuwonus pelamis, Chabahar Port.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 5 (1), pp. 386-389, January, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Omega-3 fatty acids composition and lipid content from liver and muscle tissues of Sander lucioperca (Pike Perch) in the south of the Caspian Sea, Iran

Abdolhossein Rustaiyan¹_, Keivandokht Samiee² and Mohammadali Mohammadi³

¹Department of Chemistry, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

²Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

³Department of Marine Sciences and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 08 July, 2014

Abstract 

Fish oils are the main source of omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) , keep the blood cholesterol level low and thus help in controlling the cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, the liver and muscle tissues of Sander lucioperca from Rasht region in the south of the Caspian Sea, Iran in June 2013 were separately extracted for their lipid content and fatty acids composition using the method of Blight and Dyer. The compounds were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC- MS). The components detected in the liver and muscle tissues, including saturated fatty acids Palmitic acid and Stearic acid, monounsaturated fatty acid Oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and two methyl esters of fatty acids including Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester. The results showed that the dominant fatty acids in liver and muscle tissues were Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Palmitic acid.

Key words: Omega-3, fatty acids, lipid content, liver, muscle, Sander lucioperca, Caspian Sea.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 5 (1), pp. 375-380, January, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Response of some rice cultivars to Abiotic stress

Mohammed U. A¹, Abubakar Z. A^{2 *}, Jibo A. U² , M.B. Abdullahi¹, Abdul Hameed. A^{1, 2}

¹ Department of Biological Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (A.T.B.U) Bauchi, P.M.B 0248 Bauchi, Nigeria.

² Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences (Biological Interactions in Soil), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24

Accepted 04 September,2014.

Abstract 

It is a global challenge of sustainable rice cultivation to find or develop rice varieties that have tolerance to limited water and nutrients while at the same time maintaining or improving grain yields. The aim of this research was investigate NPK fertilizer and water use efficiency of three rice cultivars namely; Faro 55 (Nerica 1), Srilanka, Faro 44 (Sippi) and three different phenotypic cultivars of Faro 44 viz. Faro 44 (SD drought), Faro 44 (SD tall) and Faro 44 (SD short). The rice cultivars were subjected to droughted (water deficit) and irrigated treatments with 180kg/ha NPK fertilizer and 90kg/ha NPK in each case. Tiller numbers, shoot biomass and root biomass of each of the rice cultivars were determined. The results showed that, while all the rice cultivars had tolerance (NPK use efficiency) to low NPK fertilizer, they had no resilience to limited water. Faro 44 (SD short) had the highest tolerance toward low NPK having higher tiller numbers, shoot mass and root mass. This could suggest a drastic reduce in the input of NPK fertilizer, saving cost of cultivation and the environment (soil ecosystem) from unnecessary accumulation. This could enhance the production of rice toward attainment of food security in developing countries.

Key words: Rice cultivars, NPK fertilizer, food security, Irrigated treatment, Drought treatment.