International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering

International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering ISSN 5675-0715 Vol. 2 (7), pp. 001-013, July, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Spectral Characterization of Kolsuz-Ulukisla-Nigde Clays, Central Anatolian Region-Turkey and Petroleum exploration

Burhan Davarcioglu^1* and Emin Ciftci²

¹Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey.

²Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mines, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Accepted 12 March, 2015

Abstract

Characterization of the Kolsuz clays in the Central Anatolian Region (Ulukisla-Nigde-Turkey) were carried out using the spectroscopic techniques and results were interpreted in terms of petroleum exploration. The DTA-TGA measurements have been carried out for determinations of thermal behaviour of the clay samples. The FTIR spectra of clays known as standard clays such as illite, illite-smectite mixed layer, montmorillonite, Ca-montmorillonite, Na-montmorillonite, kaolinite, chlorite (ripidolite), palygorskite were first taken, and then the spectra of anhydrite, gypsum, illite + quartz + feldspar, quartz + feldspar were taken together with the standard clays. The minerals present in the samples were identified by comparing their FTIR spectra with those of the standard clay minerals and XRD results. Moreover, to see whether any changes occur or not in the structure of the clay samples which have been undergone to thermal processes, the FTIR spectrum of the sample (Kk1) belonging to the lower level has been taken. It has been found that Kolsuz clays have included illite, illite-smectite mixed-layer, Na-montmorillonite, chlorite, palygorskite, calcite, feldspar and quartz that silicate has a T-O-T smectite structure. During the diagenesis and metamorphism, changes in the clay structures due to the temperature increase will reflect degree of diagenesis and metamorphism. Factors including temperature, pressure, depth and burial that are all influential during these changes along with hydrocarbon formation and the primary migration of the hydrocarbons could be explained through the diagenesis of clay minerals and organic maturation. Required temperatures for these changes in the clay structures are in the same range with that required for petroleum formation (60 - 150°C). Results acquired by using the organic maturation could be obtained through the spectral studies of the clay mineral structures.

Key words: Clay minerals, FTIR, petroleum exploration, Central Anatolian, Turkey.

International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering ISSN 5675-0715 Vol. 2 (7), pp. 001-011, July, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A proactive approach for predicting and preventing wax deposition in production tubing strings: A Niger Delta experience

A. A. Sulaimon¹*, G. K. Falade¹ and W. DeLandro²

¹Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

²Shell Petroleum Development Company, Nigeria.

Accepted 13 April, 2015

Abstract

A proactive approach for managing wax deposition problems during production operation is presented. A predictive thermodynamic model is employed to determine the onset condition(s) for wax precipitation in hydrocarbon mixtures. The parameters of a continuous distribution function are used to establish the nature of hydrocarbon mixtures while a fluid temperature distribution model enables the determination of the potential wax precipitating point in the production tubing. A field case study was conducted on 17 reservoirs in a field located in (Niger Delta, Nigeria). Results show that the thermodynamic model predicted Wax Appearance Temperature (WAT) decreases with reservoir depth. The WAT ranged between 21 and 46°C from the deepest (8,000 ft) to the shallowest (5,000 ft) reservoir. Field observation shows that wax formation is effectively prevented when the Wax-Inhibiting-Tool (WIT) is installed 100 - 500 ft below the tubing depth corresponding to the predicted WAT. Proper placement of the WIT has substantially reduced wax precipitation and potential problems that might have occurred due to wax deposition.

Key words: Thermodynamic model, wax appearance temperature, fluid temperature distribution, wax inhibiting tool, gamma distribution parameters.

International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering ISSN 5675-0715 Vol. 2 (6), pp. 001-004, June, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Experimental study on the effects of kerosene-doped gasoline on gasoline-powered engine performance characteristics

O. Obodeh* and N. C. Akhere

Mechanical Engineering Department, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.

Accepted 19 April, 2015

Abstract

This investigation was carried out to study the engine-out emissions from a four-stroke, four-cylinder, water-cooled spark ignition (SI) engine with kerosene blended gasoline with different proportions of kerosene ranging from 0 - 50% by volume in step of 10%. Gaseous exhaust emissions were measured with the aid of pocket gas ^TM-portable gas analyzer. The experimental results showed that the engine-out emissions increase with increase concentration of kerosene in the blend. The analyses gave increase ranging from 21.7 - 53% for carbon monoxide (CO), 23.4 - 57.1% for unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) and 2.4 - 8.2% for particulate matter (PM). The experiment also showed increase in specific fuel consumption (SFC) for all load conditions ranging form 34 - 36%. Measures needed to reduce fuel adulteration were suggested. The measures encompass effective monitoring mechanism and enforcement of heavy penalty on sale of adulterated fuels.

Key words: Kerosene-gasoline blend, gasoline engine, engine-out emissions.

International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering ISSN 5675-0715 Vol. 2 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2015. © International Scholars Journals 

Full Length Research Paper

A prediction to the best artificial lift method selection on the basis of TOPSIS model

^{1, 3, 5} Mehrdad Alemi, ^{3, 5}Hossein Jalalifar, ⁴Gholamreza Kamali and ^{1, 2}Mansour Kalbasi

¹Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.

²Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.

³Department of Petroleum Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran.

⁴Department of Mining Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran.

⁵Environmental and Energy Research Center, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran.

Accepted 13 February, 2015

Abstract

Artificial lift as a system adding energy to the fluid column in a wellbore to initiate and enhance production from the well is necessary when reservoir drives do not sustain acceptable rates or cause fluids to flow at all in some cases which use a range of operating principles, including pumping and gas lifting. Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) model or method is one of the most prevalent multi criteria decision making methods to solve problems involving selection from among a finite number of criteria and specify the attribute information in order to arrive at a choice. In this paper, a novel software method on the basis of technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution model has been enabled to present the best artificial lift method selection for different circumstances of oil fields.

Key words: Artificial lift, technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, multi criteria decision making.

International Journal of Petroleum Engineering ISSN: 5675-0715 Vol. 2 (4), pp. 121-127, April, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Minimizing the risk of erosion damage of some wells in Niger Delta Field with clampon DSP monitor

Ikporo Bibobra¹, Okotie Sylvester² and Ichenwo John-Lander³

¹Department of Chemical and Petroleum, Niger Delta University, Amasoma, Nigeria.

²Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Nigeria.

³Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The mobilization of sand in oil and gas production facilities is one of the challenges plaguing the production department of petroleum industries. Its effects on oil facilities are detrimental to theproductivity of the well. This paper is a case study, which describes how Clampon DSP monitor was applied in sand management in an XY field in the Niger Delta oil province, with a key concern to minimize the risk of erosion damage to facilities from sand production, while maximizing production. In 2006, to optimize production without compromising safety and environment, management of the field initiated a project to minimize the risk of erosion damage to facilities by installation of a real time sand detection and erosion monitoring device on the wellheads of Wellwellheads: X15 and X17 and the inlet manifold of wells: WX3, WX4, WX5, WX6 and WX7. Employing varying choke sizes for maximum sand free rate (MSFR) or to a Maximum Acceptable SandRate (MASR). During the sand monitoring periods at their baseline (normal) chokes with subsequent bean-ups, depending on the well’s potential, the corresponding sand production rates were estimated amidst other factors. The result generated by the Clampon DSP monitor showed that majority of the wells were sand producers.

Keywords: Sand production/Mobilization, Clampon DSP Sand Detector, erosion damage,detection and erosion monitoring, surface and subsurface facilities, maximizing production.