International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering

International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering ISSN 5675-0715 Vol. 3 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

System identification for experimental study for ultra high molecular weight for polyethylene process by using Bi-supported SiO₂ / MgCl₂ / TiCl₄ catalyst

Ahmmed S Ibrehem¹* and Hikmat S. Al-Salim²

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology Mara (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam Malaysia.

²Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, UCSI - University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.

Accepted 16 September, 2015

Abstract

In this work, system identification method is used to capture the reactor characteristics of production rate of polyethylene (PE) based on published experimental data. The identification method is used to measure the percentage effect on the production rate of PE by measuring the effect of input factors of temperature of reaction, hydrogen concentration, and [Al]/[Ti] molar catalyst ratio. Temperature of reaction has big effect which is equal to 52.4% on the output of the system as compared to the other two factors. Also, hydrogen concentration has big effect which is equal to 45.66% on the output of the system. [Al]/[Ti] molar catalyst ratio has big effect which is equal to 1.94%, but less than the reaction temperature and hydrogen concentration. All these results depend on experiment results and these results are very important in industrial plants.

Key words: Catalysts, Ziegler-Natta polymerization, ultracentrifugation, identification.

International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering ISSN 5675-0715 Vol. 2 (12), pp. 001-005, December, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Application of nonlinear reduction techniques in chemical process modeling

Ahmmed S. Ibrehem* and Hikmat S. Al-Salim

Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.

Accepted 21 July, 2015

Abstract

Model reduction techniques have been used widely in all engineering fields especially in electrical, mechanical as well as chemical engineering. The basic idea of reduction technique is to replace the original system with much smaller state space dimension. A reduced order model is more beneficial to process and industrial field in terms of control purposes by using proper orthogonal decomposition method (POD), which finds applications in computationally processing large amounts of high-dimensional data with the aim of obtaining low-dimensional descriptions that capture a large amount of the phenomena of interest. The discrete version of the POD, which is the singular value decomposition (SVD) of matrices, is described in some detail.

Key words: Model reduction technique, nonlinear model, proper orthogonal decomposition.

International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering ISSN 5675-0715 Vol. 2 (11), pp. 001-006, November, 2015. © International Scholars Journals 

Review

Recovery energy from the separated and gravity type of heat pipe exchanger in China

Huang Wei¹ and You Hongjun²*

¹Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning, P.R. China

²SAIT Polytechnic, Calgary AB, Canada.

Accepted 22 May, 2015

Abstract

The national and international circumstance and the application of heat pipeline exchanger were simply introduced in this study, while an application of the separated and gravity types of heat pipeline exchanger was discussed at the recovery energy of the electrical factory, the desulphurisation unit, the construction industries and the air-conditioning system, respectively. Their heat pipeline exchanger’s utilization not only effectively decreased energy loss and reduced equipment corrosion and environmental pollution, but also improved the factory’s competition, with great benefits reached by the industry.

Key words: Heat pipe exchanger, separated type, gravity type, China.

International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering ISSN 5675-0715 Vol. 2 (10), pp. 001-006, October, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Optimum site selection of natural gas vehicles station in Bangkok using geographic information system

Adsavakulchai S. * and Huntula C.

¹School of Engineering, University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce 126/1 Vibphavadee Rangsit Road, Bangkok, Thailand.

Accepted 13 May, 2015

Abstract

This paper is to demonstrate the integration of spatial modeling and geographic information systems (GIS) can be used in the optimal site location for natural gas vehicles (NGV) station in Bangkok. Integration has been proposed as one of the characteristics which distinguish GIS from other information systems. Variables used as input in this process mainly address direct construction costs and station efficiency once the structure has been completed. Some of the variables examined include: proximity to population centers, distance from neighboring stations, the easements of using existing utility, car density and speed, land price, and the number of NGV registered car in Bangkok. Increasing levels of interest in the coupled systems, which are often referred to as spatial decision support systems (SDSS) has wide range of application areas. To do spatial analysis using ArcView GIS 3.2 as a tool. The results from this study can be concluded that six locations around Nongjok district were evaluated as the optimal sites for the NGV station in Bangkok.

Key words: NGV station, Bangkok, geographic information systems (GIS), spatial analysis, integration, spatial decision support systems (SDSS).

International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering ISSN 5675-0715 Vol. 2 (9), pp. 001-008, September, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Nitrogen fixing capacity of legumes and their Rhizospheral microflora in diesel oil polluted soil in the tropics

M. A. Ekpo* and A. J. Nkanang

Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Accepted 15 March, 2015

Abstract

The nitrogen fixing capacity of legumes cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea) and their micrflora grown in diesel oil simulated utisol was investigated. Result revealed that concentration as low as 1% v/w of diesel oil significantly affected the densities of nitrogen fixing bacteria, bacteriods, actinomycetes and fungi associated with the legumes. The heterotrophic bacteria count in the rhizosphere of cowpea reduced from 2.46 ± 0.72 × 10⁷ to 1.5 ± 0.37 × 10⁷ cfu/g after a growth duration of 12 weeks while it reduced from 3.4 ± 1.25 × 10⁷ to 1.52 ± 0.36 × 10⁷ cfu/g for groundnut in the same growth period. Nitrifying bacteria count reduced from 3.25 ± 1.19 × 10⁴ to 4.5 ± 0.18 × 10³ cfu/g for cowpea and 3.43 ± 1.23 × 10⁴ to 2.7 ± 0.21 × 10³ cfu/g for groundnut. Bacteriods count also significantly (P > 0.05) reduced from 3.85 ± 2.30 × 10⁵ cfu/g for the control treatment to 1.25 ± 2.23 × 10⁵ cfu/g in 1% level of pollution with no bacteriod formed in both 4 and 8% pollution due to inhibition of nodule formation by the diesel oil. Significant reduction (P > 0.05) was also observed in fungal and actinomycetes counts. Generally, organisms in the rhizosphere of groundnut exhibited more tolerance to diesel oil pollution than those found in the rhizosphere of cowpea. This study revealed that diesel oil adversely affected nitrogen fixing bacteria and bacteriods and consequently the nitrogen fixation in the soil.

Key words: Vigna unguiculata, Arachis hypogea, bacteriods, rhizosphere, actinomycetes.

International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering ISSN 5675-0715 Vol. 2 (8), pp. 001-011, August, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Optimization of plug utilized in lost circulation treatment while drilling

Abdelkader Khiari¹, Djemoi Merzoug¹, Noureddine Gherraf¹*, Mourad Kourichi² and Noureddine Maza¹

¹Laboratoire des Ressources Naturelles et Aménagement des Milieux Sensibles, Larbi Ben M’hidi University, Oum el Bouaghi, 04000 Algeria.

²Laboratoire de génie de procédés, UKMO Ouargla University 30000 Algeria.

Accepted 15 April, 2015

Abstract

The major problem of oil wells drilling is circulation lost that can occur near weak formations and before well cementing. Conventional methods such as lost circulation material pills, cement plugs and dual injection were used to combat different types of massive mud loss in spite of their small success rate and high cost and risk. A different circulation treatment has been introduced to optimize plugging of loss zones by minimizing cost and time. It consists of combining InstanSeal (seal formation instantly) and cement to improve the mechanical performance of the system. InstanSeal-cement plugging fluid is a loose invert emulsion (water-in- oil) that gels rapidly in normal drilling operations after passing through the drill bit nozzles resulting in a rigid direct emulsion (oil - in- water) which will be squeezed and penetrated into weak formations to seal it. It is the only gelling system that uses mechanical means as a trigger mechanism. The present work aims to optimize the emulsion mechanism, the composition effect and the InstanSeal-cement as follows: (i) Introduce the InstanSeal-cement as an approach to cure massive losses where conventional methods fail. (ii) Analyze the evolution of InstanSeal-cement fluid by changing each product concentration. (iii) Find the proper emulsion of each kind of losses. (iv) Optimize the system according to the equipment taking into account the mixing energy. (v) Find the most effective formulation using mathematic models. (vi) The laboratory pre-checks will be taken as helping data to minimize the failure risk. After the success results obtained from the yard test, the InstanSeal-cement proved that it is competent to cure massive losses by improving the success rate (80%). This economic success can be matched by reducing risks, achieving excellent results and decreasing drilling time through a critical section.

Key words: InstanSeal, drilling fluid, circulation lost, optimization.