Research Article
International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering ISSN 5675-0715 Vol. 4 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Performance test of palm fatty acid biodiesel on compression ignition engine
Praveen K. S. Yadav1*, Onkar Singh2 and R. P. Singh1
1Department of Oil and Paint Technology, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur, India.
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur, India.
Accepted 15 September, 2016
Abstract
Vegetable oil causes problem when used as fuel in compression ignition engines. This problem is due to high viscosity and low volatility of vegetable oils, which can be minimized by the process of trans-esterification. The relatively high cost of refined vegetable oils render the resulting fuels unable to compete with petroleum derived fuel. To reduce the cost of biodiesel a relatively low cost palm fatty acid which is the by- product of palm oil refinery was chosen as feed stock. A two step acid catalyzed methanolysis process is employed for efficient conversion of palm fatty acid into palm fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The conversion of palm fatty acid into palm FAME was done on pilot plant. This paper presents the results of performance of compression ignition engine fueled with different blends of high speed diesel with biodiesel obtained from conversion of palm fatty acid. Parameters like torque, brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency were calculated at different loads for pure diesel and different combinations of dual fuel. The results indicate that, in case of palm fatty acid biodiesel, the dual fuel combination of B40 can be used in the diesel engines without making any engine modifications.
Key words: Trans-esterification, methanolysis, palm fatty acid, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), compression ignition engine, triglyceride (TG).
Onkar Singh and R. P. Singh, Praveen K. S. Yadav*
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering ISSN 5675-0715 Vol. 3 (12), pp. 001-019, December, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Filter cake formation on the vertical well at high temperature and high pressure: Computational fluid dynamics modeling and simulations
Mohd. A. Kabir and Isaac K. Gamwo*
United States Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA 15236-0940, USA.
Accepted 19 July, 2016
Abstract
Oil and gas wells are generally drilled with the intention of forming a filter cake on the wellbore walls to primarily reduce the large losses of drilling fluid into the surrounding formation. Unfortunately, formation conditions are frequently encountered that may result in unacceptable losses of drilling fluid into the surrounding formation despite the type of drilling fluid employed and filter cake created. It is extremely important to optimize filter cake thickness as very thick filter cake can cause stuck pipe and other drilling problems. The focus of this research is to use a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique to numerically simulate filter cake formation on the vertical wellbore wall at high-pressure (25,500 psi or 175.8 MPa) and temperature (170°C) conditions. Here, the drilling fluids were treated as a two-phase system of solid particulates suspended in a non-Newtonian fluid. Drilling process simulations were performed for drilling fluid with two particle sizes, 45- and 7- µm, under extreme drilling conditions of high pressure and temperature. The comparison of both scenarios clearly shows that the drilling fluid with larger particles (45 µm) forms thicker filter cake compared to drilling fluids with smaller particles (7 µm). We have further used FLUENT CFD code to successfully simulate filter cake formation on the wellbore wall at moderate pressure (2,000 psi or 13.8 MPa) and temperature (30°C) conditions with drilling fluid of 45 µm particles. The results for axisymmetric and planar wellbore show that the cake formed during extreme drilling processes is thicker than that formed for shallow drilling processes. Filter cake formed on the vertical wellbore wall is nonuniform for both extreme and shallow drilling process.
Key words: Filter cake, two-phase flow, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), deep drilling.
Mohd. A. Kabir, Isaac K. Gamwo*
Page: 1 - 19
Research Article
International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering ISSN 5675-0715 Vol. 3 (11), pp. 001-014, November, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of vaporization enthalpy of pure hydrocarbons
O. Rebas1*, H. Zait1, N. Skander2 and E. C. Chitour1
1Laboratory of Valorization of Fossil Energies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic National School, Algiers, Algeria.
2Sonatrach, Djenane El-Malik, Hydra, Algiers, Algeria.
Accepted 21 July, 2016
Abstract
In this research, we employed a new method to calculate vaporization enthalpy of pure hydrocarbons. This equation is a function of the temperature, far from critical point and was tested for simple mixtures and oil fractions. Comparing values with the literature, the equation established have improved results in term of average standard deviation. We also applied the equation to the oil fractions; it required a characterisation of these complex mixtures. Excellent results are obtained, which are comparable or better than those obtained with other models.
Key words: Hydrocarbons, simple mixtures, oil fractions, enthalpy of vaporization, group contribution, intramolecular interactions.
O. Rebas*, H. Zait, N. Skander and E. C. Chitour
Page: 1 - 14
Research Article
International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering ISSN 5675-0715 Vol. 3 (10), pp. 001-015, October, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Reservoir characterization and evaluation of depositional trend of the Gombe sandstone, southern Chad basin Nigeria
Adepelumi, A. A*, Alao, O. A and Kutemi, T. F
Department of Geology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Accepted 06 May, 2016
Abstract
This study attempts a reservoir characterization and evaluation of depositional trend of sands to assess the petrophysical qualities of Gombe sandstone as a potential reservoir unit for hydrocarbon accumulation in the Chad basin. The economic viability in parts of the Chad basin outside Nigeria and other structurally related contiguous basins such as Doba, Doseo, Bongor fields, and Termit-Agadem basin in the Niger Republic have been investigated. The investigations revealed commercial petroleum accumulations which necessitated the need to assess the petroleum potentials of the Nigerian portion of the Chad basin. Four sand units within Gombe formation penetrated by five wells (Ngammaeast 01, Ngornorth 01, Kinasar 01, Ziye 01 and Murshe 01) were delineated, correlated and their continuity estimated across the studied wells. Petrophysical parameters of these sand units such as porosity, permeability, water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation, bulk water volume, etc were computed and interpreted. Net-to-gross (NGR) values of these sand units were also calculated, and NGR maps were contoured for each sand unit. The direction of deposition of the sands was thus inferred to be east-west. The interpretation suggests that Gombe sandstone in Chad basin is a potential reservoir for hydrocarbon accumulation.
Key words: Petrophysical, sandstone, net-to-gross (NGR), well, Nigeria.
A. A*, T. F, O. A and Kutemi, Adepelumi , Alao
Page: 1 - 14
Research Article
International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering ISSN 5675-0715 Vol. 3 (9), pp. 001-010, September, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Pyrolysis behaviour and kinetics of Moroccan oil shale with polystyrene
A. Aboulkas1,2*, K. El harfi1,2, M. Nadifiyine1 and M. Benchanaa1
1Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Réactivité des Matériaux et l’Optimisation des Procédés «REMATOP», Département de chimie, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 2390, 40001 Marrakech, Maroc, Morroco.
2Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques, Faculté polydisciplinaire de Béni-Mellal, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, BP 592, 23000 Béni-Mellal, Maroc, Morroco.
Accepted 15 June, 2016
Abstract
Pyrolysis of oil shale/polystyrene mixture was performed in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) from room temperature of 1273K, at heating rates of 2, 10, 20, 50 and 100 K/min. The global mass loss during oil shale/polystyrene pyrolysis was modelled by a combination of mass-loss events for oil shale and polystyrene volatiles. TGA results indicate that mixture pyrolysis can be identified in three phases. The first is attributed to the drying of absorbed water; the second was dominated by the overlapping of organic matter and plastic pyrolysis, while the third was linked to the mineral matter pyrolysis, which occurred at much higher temperatures. Discrepancies between the experimental and calculated TG/DTG profiles were considered as a measurement of the extent of interactions occurring on co-pyrolysis (10% of the difference between experimental and calculated curves in the temperature range 600 to 900K). The maximum degradation temperature of each component in the mixture was higher than those of the individual components. The calculated residue was found to be higher than experimental. These experimental results indicate a significant synergistic effect during pyrolysis of mixture of oil shale and polystyrene. The kinetic studies were performed using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) method. The overall activation energies were 87 kJ/mol for organic matter of oil shale, 169 kJ/mol for polystyrene, and 161 kJ/mol for the mixture. Thus, it has been found that there exists an overall synergy, when two materials were pyrolysed together.
Key words: Thermogravimetric, pyrolysis, kinetics, oil shale, polystyrene.
K. El harfi, M. Nadifiyine and M. Benchanaa, A. Aboulkas*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering ISSN 5675-0715 Vol. 3 (8), pp. 001-009, August, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Water based mud lifting capacity improvement by multiwall carbon nanotubes additive
Ariffin Samsuri* and Amir Hamzah
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Renewable Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi, Malaysia.
Accepted 12 April, 2016
Abstract
Poor hole cleaning remains one of the major concerns in oil and gas industry since it will induce expensive drilling problems such as stuck pipe, slow drilling rate, high torque and drag, lost control of density and poor cement jobs. Various drilling fluids have been widely used in the oil and gas industry to improve lifting capacity of drilled cuttings. In this study, the experiment was conducted using water based mud with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWNTs) additive to study its lifting capacity. The study focused on the amount of MWNTs used, cutting size and mud annular velocity effect on the mud lifting capacity. The results show that lifted cuttings increase as the amount of MWNTs added increases. MWNTs associated with water based mud displays the stability against base mud since surface forces easily balance the gravity force and attached to drilled cuttings, resulting in increase of drag force acts to drilled cuttings and easily lifted cuttings to the surface. The MWNTs also will improve viscosity which will significantly increase carrying capacity of the mud. For small and medium cuttings, the improvement relatively simplified compare to the big cuttings. The impact will significantly increase as the annular velocity increase.
Key words: Water based mud, lifting capacity, mud additives, drilled cuttings, mud viscosity.
Amir Hamzah, Ariffin Samsuri*
Page: 1 - 9