International Journal of Law and Legal Studies

International Journal of Law and Legal Studies ISSN 2463-5634 Vol. 9 (12), pp. 001-008, December, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Article

Euthanasia – A dignified end of life!

Vaibhav Goel

Faculty of Law Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 27, October 2021

Abstract

Survival is undoubtedly valuable but some time and in certain condition life becomes painful and impossible or unbearable, in that stage survilance seems, like a curse or abuse. Euthanasia – a new word for masses become common about four years back in the month of December 2004 because of Venkatesh plea for granting him right to die. Euthanasia is nothing else but a permit or license to the medical professional for ending the life of a person in question. No doubt if it will be permitted in laws, may be the biggest threat to the creature. In fact the concept is debatable; here the key question is “What should be the ingredients of law which would legalize Euthanasia?” Hence the purpose of writing this paper is to examine the questions pertaining to Euthanasia, especially in the light of traditional perspective besides legal dimensions of MTP and to suggest legal aspects of the same to make life with dignity even at the time of end. In addition the second key question may be that if it permitted weather it will be on the recommendation of the doctors or in the consent of the relative of the Patient?

Keywords: Euthanasia, PAS, Suicide, Religions on Suicide Right to Die, Mercy Killing, MTP

International Journal of Law and Legal Studies ISSN 2463-5634 Vol. 9 (11), pp. 001-010, November, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Adaptation technologies and legal instruments to address climate change impacts to coastal and marine resources in Tanzania

R. E. Sallema¹ and G. Y. S. Mtui^2*

¹Vice President’s Office, National Environment Management Council of Tanzania, P. O. Box 63154, Dares Salaam, Tanzania.

²Faculty of Science, University of Dares Salaam, P. O. Box 35179, Dares Salaam, Tanzania.

Accepted 16 September, 2021

Abstract

The increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the consequent pressures related to climate change are having significant impacts on the coastal and marine resources on which much of Tanzania’s coastal population depends for its livelihood. A decline in mangrove cover, coral bleaching and mortality and the destruction of seagrass beds are some of these impacts. Coastal erosion also poses threats to the country’s coastal tourism infrastructure. This study examines various approaches that integrate protection and conservation of coastal and marine resources. It briefly highlights the global and regional issues while emphasis is put on Tanzanian perspective. Guidelines and reports for management interventions and adaptive technologies are discussed. Environmental protection remains the most preferred approach with variety of options. An overview is given on soft and hard adaptation technologies. Furthermore, Tanzania’s relevant policies and legislation that address climate change impacts to coastal and marine resources are reviewed.

Key words: Climate change, coastal and marine resources, adaptation technologies, legal instruments.

International Journal of Law and Legal Studies ISSN 2463-5634 Vol. 9 (8), pp. 001-009, August, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A conceptual model of asset portfolio decision making: a case study in a developing economy

¹Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom.

²Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

Accepted 2 July 2021

Abstract

Asset allocation decisions in general contribute to the efficiency or otherwise of financial management, determine the wealth of investors, including pensions and insurance funds, and underpin the allocation of scarce economic resources in the economy. This area has remained under researched in the developing economies and it is argued that the results of this study reflect on the shortcomings of the orthodox rationalistic approaches to decision making in finance. The study is in the tradition of naturalistic decision-making and adopts a modified grounded theory approach to the discovery of the core concepts that guide investment managers’ decisions. The paper presents the results of a case study of the decision-making processes of investment managers in the Nigerian Insurance industry. The naturalistic setting highlights the importance of the security of the investment, social networks, consistency of returns, competency of management, stable environment and legal and regulatory controls as core investment decision making concepts. The emerging conceptual model is delineated and the results reflect in particular on those factors likely to impact upon financial decision-making in a developing economy.

Key words: Asset portfolio, risks, returns, naturalistic decision making, grounded theory, Nigeria.

International Journal of Law and Legal Studies ISSN 2463-5634 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-003, May, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

The new government has provided for a legal framework that necessitates the establishment and institutiona-lization of ward committees as vehicles to entrench participatory governance at the grass root level. Accor-ding to Roger Southall (2004)¹, ‘participatory democracy entails a high level of public participation in the political process through a wide variety of institutional channels’. Indeed, participatory democracy can only come into being when ordinary men and women, young and old are afforded an opportunity to actively and meaningfully contribute to their own development and well being. The purpose of this paper is two fold: firstly, it seeks to highlight the importance of ward committees as engines to impel public participation. Secondly, to draw reader’s attention to some of the key impediments faced by the institution of ward committees in term of achieving the foregoing. It is thus imperative that we do not despise other alternative forms of participation. The argument is that ward committees can only become effective and efficient vehicles for engaging communities in municipal decision-making when complement by other pragmatic mechanisms of participation.

International Journal of Law and Legal Studies ISSN 2463-5634 Vol. 9 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Medical certification of death and indications for medico-legal autopsies: The need for inclusion in continue medical education in Nigeria

Izegbu, M. C.¹*, Agboola, A. O. J.², Shittu, L. A. J.¹ and Akiode, O.³

¹Department of Morbid Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, (LASUCOM) P.M.B. 21266 Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

²  Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, (LASUCOM) P.M.B 21266 Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. ³Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital P.M.B.2001 Sagamu, Ogun state, Nigeria.

Accepted 12 February, 2021

Abstract

A study of medical doctor’s attitude to filling of the death certificate was carried out by administrating questionnaire to medical doctors at a national conference which was attended by 300 doctors. Out of this, 114 of them responded with 111 being males and 3 females. Results show that 50% of the respondents had practiced for 6 - 15 years and 71% of them never had training in filling of the death certificate. 55% of the doctors were exposed to death certificate at the post- graduate level. The registrars (resident doctors) filled death certificate in 44.71% of cases. Only 2.63% of the doctors were able to list more than 7 reasons for medico -legal post mortem examination while 29% of them were correct in knowing the cause of death of the clinical case provided. This study has strongly supported the need to include formal training on death certificate completion and indications for medico-legal autopsies as part of continue Medical Education in Nigeria.

Key words: Death certification, continue medical education, coroners (medico-legal autopsies), Medical doctors, Nigeria.

International Journal of Law and Legal Studies ISSN 2463-5634 Vol. 9 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Review

A review of parliamentary privilege with an approach to Iranian legal system

Mohammad Ja’far Habibzadeh and Seyed Doraid mousavi Modjab

Tarbiat Modares University Iran-Tehran, P. O. Box 14115-139.

Accepted 11 February 2021

Abstract

The necessity of immunity of parliament and its Members has led to determine and assure particular privilege in the Constitutions or ordinary laws in the great majority of countries. This legal institution is to provide freedom of speech and to maintain the independence of representatives in the exercise of their duties without undue interference or fear. To define and justify the necessity of it, different theories like "the prestige of representatives©legal personality" and "doctrine of necessity" have been introduced. The legal support, which observes the parliamentary privilege, can be generally studied in two categories with distinct descriptions and effects; first, demonstrates the benefits and utilization of privilege by the representatives before their statements, opinions and the votes cast in the exercise of their functions, which is idiomatically "the principle of non liability". Second, it supports the Members of Parliament (MPs) before legal prosecution, arrest, imprisonment and the rest judicial measures, unless by the permission and allowance of the respective Parliament, because of irrelevant exercises and extralegal parliamentary acts and prevents the possibility of immediate prosecution of MPs because of the attributed crimes. This kind of immunity, which practically is the logical trailer of the non-liability principle of representatives before their parliamentary duties, is named "the principle of inviolability". The stand of every country in relation to the various forms of parliamentary privilege is a little bit different. In certain countries, one of these two forms is accepted and in other countries both of them are accepted to guarantee the whole immunity of MPs. The first approach is called solo and the second one is called integrative, respectively. In Iran, the first approach depended on the non liability of representatives because of their statements, has been accepted in Article 86 of Constitution. The accuracy of this acceptance from the dynamic Fiqh©s (Jurisprudence) point of view is approvable and the expediencies and accidental necessities require going along with the rest of countries, which accepted the principle of parliamentary privilege.

Keywords: Parliamentary Privilege, Constitutions and Ordinary Laws, Representatives' Prestige of Legal Personality, Doctrine of Necessity, Principle of Non liability and Principle of Inviolability.