International Journal of Law and Legal Studies

International Journal of Law and Legal Studies ISSN 2736-1608 Vol. 13 (7), pp. 001-009, July, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Review

Leveraging Law to Counter Terror: A Critical Analysis of UN Security Council Resolution 1373 and the Emerging Concept of Lawfare

G. N. Okeke*

Faculty of Law, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 16 April, 2025

This article reflects on and appraises the recent preventive approach to terrorism which is of a varied nature and which has to do more particularly with the United Nations (UN) Security Council Resolution 1373. The resolution is relatively new, yet it shows the way forward in tackling the menace of terrorism. It clearly points out areas where efforts should be geared towards if the fight against terrorism would be won. This article appraises these areas of the Resolution with a degree of clarity to show the light in the dark tunnel of terror network so that there will be no hidden place for both terror and terrorists and this is done with the aim of calling the attention of the member states of the United Nations to the possibility of using the law to successfully curb or curtail international terrorism. Whereas in warfare force is matched against force, in lawfare law is matched against crimes (including terrorism). This is what lawfare, which is relatively a new concept of law, is all about. The methodology employed in this work relates to books, case laws and internet materials.

Key words: United Nations Security Council Resolution, lawfare, terrorism, warfare.
 

International Journal of Law and Legal Studies ISSN 2736-1608 Vol. 13 (7), pp. 001-009, July, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Review

Buddhism and Human Rights: A Study of the Intrinsic Relationship between Ancient Wisdom and Modern Human Rights Frameworks

Uttamkumars Bagde

Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East) Mumbai- 4000098, India. Email: [email protected]

Accepted 9 April, 2025

Broadly speaking elements and principles of human rights are incorporated in teachings of the most religions of the world including Buddhism. Notion of a right is very much there in Buddhism. The elements incorporated in social message of Buddha are part and parcel of modern day principles of human Rights incorporated in many international declarations, covenants, protocols and constitutions of most of the countries of today. Buddha succeeded in discovering the antidote of all sufferings in the form of Dhhama, a collection of very simple and clear elements of natural truth for the restoration of human rights and fundamental freedom. There is intimate and vital relationship of Buddhist norm of Dhamma with that of human Rights. Buddhism subscribes to universal human rights concept and all the articles of universal declaration of human rights (UNDHR) are in harmony with early Buddhist teachings in letter and spirit. Human Rights as construed in the modern era are compatible with Buddhist ethics. Certain values embodied in the notion of right are better served by the notion of right in the Noble Eight fold Path given by Buddha. Human rights notion is an extension of human nature. Buddhism indeed is supreme law of all laws existed so far in the province of human right protection and fundamental freedom. Duties and rights are correlative and reciprocal. Buddhism is as such committed to the cause of human rights.

Key words: Buddhism, human rights, Dhamma of Buddha, duties and rights.
 

International Journal of Law and Legal Studies ISSN 2736-1608 Vol. 13 (6), pp. 001-009, June, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Review

Arbitration in Nigeria: An Effective Channel for Dispute Resolution or a Mirage?

OJO, Ademola Eyitope

Department of Physical Planning and Development, Federal University, Oye Ekiti. Ekiti State Nigeria.

Accepted 22 March, 2025

Abstract

Well known to construction industry contracts are disputes such as unresolved claims and are inimical to achieving project objectives. This has attracted provision of dispute resolution clause in contractual agreements such as Arbitration clause aimed at resolving any emerging dispute. However, the issue of challenge of jurisdiction (powers) of the arbitrator(s) remains a reoccurring determination in Nigeria courts. Considering arbitral agreements/ clause in domestic perspectives, the paper reviewed provisions of Nigerian Arbitration and Conciliation Act, (ACA) 1988, some other relevant laws and decided court cases as related to determinants of arbitrator(s’) jurisdiction. It discovered that interplay of several factors including principle of parties’ autonomy; project specific characteristics, complexity of construction etc are essential determinants. The paper however concluded that it may be complex to enlist determinants for jurisdictional powers of arbitral panel but recommended that basic requirements should not be far from those provided for by the national arbitration law and the characteristic of construction project contract and environment, while contracting parties must have in view court decisions on construction industry market in drafting arbitral agreements.

Key words: Arbitral Proceedings, Construction Contract, Jurisdiction Nigeria.

International Journal of Law and Legal Studies ISSN 2736-1608 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Review

The Intersection of Code of Conduct Tribunal Procedures and Constitutional Law

Aigbokhan E. President

Solicitor and advocate of supreme court of Nigeria, Ekikhalo chambers 2nd floor, Edo State library complex, Sapele Road, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.

Received 7 October 2024; Accepted 26 March 2025; Published 05 April, 2025

Abstract

Servants of the public are themselves masters of themselves. The striking paradox of consequence of corruption has placed a high degree of proof on public officers who retain the level of fairness that match with the degree of the onus. The issue of corruption is not restricted to the dark hallways of government offices but officers who are under duty to enhance the society have rendered in tatters the entire sacrosanct mainstay of common good. This paper attempts to explore the Code of Conduct Bureau and Tribunal Act 2004. For the writer, the procedural form and provisions of the Act has inalienably invited constitutional problems. The case of Nwankwo v Nwankwo1 that has set a limit of locus in action under the Act was reviewed. The paper identifies widespread discrimination in the enforcement of code of conduct for public officers in Nigeria. As part of recommendations the paper advises that the basic text of strong discipline in public service is the extent to which officials are being trained and tried for uncomplimentary relationship between the code and the judiciary. So the restriction of access to the tribunal at the detriment of individual with a cognizable interest is fatal to a regime committed to instilling discipline in public service.

Key words: Code of Conduct, constitutional issues, right and problems.
 

International Journal of Law and Legal Studies ISSN 2736-1608 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-010, April, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Review

Evaluating International Legal Frameworks for Copyright Protection

G. N. Okeke¹* and Kennet Uzor²

¹Faculty of Law, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
²Aba, Abia State, Nigeria.

Received 19 November 2024; Accepted 24 January 2025; Published April 2025

Abstract

The increasing number of creators who publish their works has led to an increase in copyright violations and a pressure on copyright legislation. It is herein argued that as copyright becomes prohibitive, social norms, domestic cultural and economic diversity consideration as well as the values of the copyright holder tend to dominate so that using domestic norms to generate international norms would more easily permit attention to issues raised by new technology, and can thus supply the dynamism missing from classical public international law making. The generation and distribution of knowledge should conventionally be viewed as the central purpose of the grant of copyright protection. This is because copyright is an incentive that, properly calibrated, can positively affect the creation and availability of knowledge. Also, canvassed herein is the need for an upward review of copyright term to afford copyright holders and their heirs more time to reap the fruits of their efforts. Such review will at the same time boost the economy of a nation. The Private international litigation, if configured to reduce application of purely national norms, might make a beneficial contribution to internationalization in ways that are dynamic, more balanced, and more respectful of national differences. The Berne Convention must therefore, seek to balance two competing objectives: providing copyright protection on an international scale, and a respect for cultural and economic diversity. It is submitted that since the Berne Convention, the world has greatly changed giving rise to the need for an upward review of copyright duration. The purpose of the Copyright term extension is to ensure adequate copyright protection for copyrighted works by extending the term of copyright protection for at least an additional 20 years.

Key words: Copyright, convention, protection, right, holder, signatory, use, fair.

International Journal of Law and Legal Studies ISSN 2736-1608 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Review

Human Rights and Gender in Cameroon: A Legal Analysis of Progress and Challenges

Victoria M. Time

Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 23529, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected].

Received 10 April 2024; Accepted 22 November 2024; Published April 2025

Abstract

This paper assesses what progress there is in Cameroon regarding women’s statuses. Based on a qualitative strategy, the paper examines laws that are in place to address women’s plight in the country. The paper argues that while progress is being made on some levels, the status quo, that is, female marginalization is still entrenched in other facets. The paper advances recommendations for creating an egalitarian society.

Key words: Women, culture, subjugation, law, progress.