ISSN 2756-3332
Research Article
African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-005, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
Evaluation of immunohistochemistry with a panel of antibodies against recombinant mycobacterial antigens for the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis
S. Sumi and V. V. Radhakrishnan*
Department of Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 011, Kerala, India.
Accepted 23 April, 2019
Abstract
Diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis can be an enigma owing to its varied clinical manifestation and also due to the low sensitivity of conventional bacteriological methods to confirm the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The present study was precisely designed to evaluate the potential diagnostic application of immunohistochemistry using a panel of antibodies against mycobacterial antigens for the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the formalin-fixed paraffin sections of lymph node biopsies using rabbit polyclonal antibodies against four recombinant mycobacterial proteins, that is, ESAT-6, HspX, Tb8.4 and PlcA. The results of immunohistochemistry were correlated with Zeihl-Neelsen staining method. Immunohistochemistry using anti-ESAT-6 antibody was found to be highly sensitive (88.6%). Anti-ESAT-6 and anti-PlcA antibodies were found to be highly specific. Results of the study suggest that immunohistochemistry using anti- ESAT-6 antibody has potential application for the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis, in patients in whom conventional diagnostic methods did not confirm the presence of acid-fast bacilli.
Key words: Immunohistochemistry, tuberculous lymphadenitis, recombinant mycobacterial antigens.
S. Sumi, V. V. Radhakrishnan*
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJNM/1149Research Article
Antimicrobial compounds from marine halophytes for silkworm disease treatment
African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-008, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
Antimicrobial compounds from marine halophytes for silkworm disease treatment
S. Ravi Kumar1*, G. Ramanathan2, M. Subhakaran3 and S. Jacob Inbaneson1
1School of Marine Sciences, Centre for Marine Pharmacology, Alagappa University, Thondi Campus 623 409, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Department of Microbiology, V. H. S. N. College, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, India.
3Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna College, Aralvaimozhi, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India.
Accepted 22 April, 2019
Abstract
Forty-five crude methanolic extracts from 23 marine halophytes were screened against five bacterial and two fungal saprophytic pathogens of diseased silkworm Bombyx mori. Among thirty-four mangrove samples screened for antibacterial activity, the leaf extract of Rhizophora mucronata showed maximum inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus (20 mm dia.). The seaweed species of Padina tetrostomatica showed maximum inhibitory activity against Proteus vulgaris (11 mm dia) and the seagrass species of Syringodium isoetifolium showed maximum inhibition against P. vulgaris (9 dia). The solar saltern cyanobacterium Phormidium fragile exhibits higher inhibitory activity against P. vulgaris (17 mm dia). The growth of fungal pathogens of Aspergillus niger was highly inhibited by S. isoetifolium (15 mm dia) and Padina tetrostomatica (13 mm dia) respectively compared with the other extracts. It is also noted that 16x concentration of the leaf extract of R. mucronata and S. isoetifolium showed complete reduction in the bacterial and fungal viable counts within 3 h of exposure.
Key words: Mangroves, Bombyx mori, seaweed, sea grass, time kill assay herbal disinfectants, cyanobacteria.
M. Subhakaran and S. Jacob Inbaneson, S. Ravi Kumar*, G. Ramanathan
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJNM/1148Research Article
African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
Prolonged administration of high doses of copper nicotinate to rats: Effect on biochemical and cellular constituents of blood and on copper level in serum, liver and muscle
Attia H. Atta1*, Salah Fathy2, Gohar, M.2, Reem Jan3, Gihan Kamel1, Samar M. Mouneir1 and Soad M. Nasr4
1Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University Egypt.
2Callcure Center for Drug Research, Egypt.
3Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
4National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Accepted 22, April, 2019
Abstract
The effect of prolonged administration of high doses of copper nicotinate on biochemical and cellular constituents of blood and on copper level in serum, liver and muscle was studied in rats. Oral administration of copper nicotinate at doses of 0.8 or 4.0 mg/kg body weight (b. wt.) for 6 weeks did not affect GOT, creatinine or cholesterol in serum of rats. When given at 4.0 mg/kg b. wt. for 8 weeks copper nicotinate significantly (P <0.05) increased GOT, GPT, urea, creatinine and cholesterol in serum of rats. Minimal hematological changes were observed particularly when copper nicotinate was given at the high dose for 8 weeks. After administration of copper nicotinate at a dose of 0.8 and 4.0 mg/kg b. wt. copper level increased in the serum. The concentrat of copper in liver and muscle tissue initially increased through the first 2 weeks, but its level decreased within the next 2 weeks and remained almost at this level up to the 10th week. The present data indicate the safety of copper nicotinate complex when given at a high dose for 6-8 weeks. This was also confirmed by the high LD50 in mice (1104.17 and 128.33 mg/kg b. wt. after oral and intraperitoneal route respectively.
Key words: Copper nicotinate, copper complex, copper high doses, copper concentration, serum biochemical changes, hematological changes.
Gihan Kamel, Gohar , Reem Jan, M , Attia H. Atta*, Samar M. Mouneir and Soad M. Nasr, Salah Fathy
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJNM/1147Editorial
The digitization of medical records
African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-002, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Editorial
The digitization of medical records
John Ibekwe
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJNM/1146Review
Regulation of tubulin expression: Multiple overlapping mechanisms
African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Regulation of tubulin expression: Multiple overlapping mechanisms
Jennifer Saussede-Aim1* and Charles Dumontet2
1Inserm, U590, Lyon, France.
2Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Lyon, France.
Accepted 09 April, 2019
Abstract
Tubulin is the main constituent of microtubules, a macromolecule participating in a variety of essential cell phenomena. Although the roles of microtubules have been extensively described, the regulation of tubulin expression remains largely unexplored. This review gives an overall view of the regulatory mechanisms of tubulin expression reported in the literature. The first model proposed to explain the regulation of tubulin expression was based on an auto-regulatory mechanism. This hypothesis suggests that soluble tubulin pools regulate the tubulin mRNA levels. This is due to the MREI sequence common to all -tubulin isotypes. Nevertheless this model does not explain variations specific for each tubulin isotype. Transcriptional regulation has been suggested in multiple models. Indeed it appears that certain isotypes are expressed in defined conditions, and that this expression depends on gene regulatory sequences. To illustrate isotype specific regulatory mechanisms, the example of 3-tubulin is presented due to its particular expression pattern as well as its importance in certain physiological phenomena and pharmacological situations.
Key words: Tubulin, expression, regulation.
Charles Dumontet, Jennifer Saussede-Aim*
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJNM/1145Editorial
African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-002, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Editorial
Health disparity– a concern
John Ibekwe
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJNM/1144