ISSN 2326-7291
Case Report
Khawaja Yassir Rahman*, Curtis Anderson, Randolph Chitwood and Sunil Sharma, Hazaim Alwair
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https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPHE/1250Research Article
International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2023. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Thirty days exposure to kerosene induces alteration in select serum trace element levels in rats
Ayobola A Iyanda
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected], Phone: +2347039407465
Accepted 16 January, 2023
Abstract
Trace elements are essential micronutrients required in minute amount by a number of metabolic processes. In many parts of Africa, kerosene is widely available since it is the most commonly used fuel for cooking purposes. As a result of this common availability, excessive exposure to this product has been described. The aim of this study is to identify if exposure to trace amount of kerosene is capable of causing depletion in magnesium and trace element levels. Eighteen Wistar rats divided equally into three groups were used for the study. Administration of trace amount of kerosene (0.4 ml/kg body weight) by oral or dermal route resulted in significant increase (p<0.05) in the level of Cr and significant decreases (p<0.05) in the levels of Fe, Mo, Co, Mn and Mg in rats in both dermal and orally administered routes except Mo and Mn which were not significantly different (p>0.05) in rats in dermal route. Magnesium and trace elements play significant physiologic roles and their depletion has been identified as an etiologic factor of many disease conditions. The results of this study therefore suggest that kerosene exposure even at trace quantity is capable of altering magnesium and trace element status in a mammalian species. A situation which may predispose an individual to many of the clinical conditions associated with essential element deficiencies.
Keywords: kerosene; magnesium, trace elements
a , Ayobola A Iy
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https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPHE/1249Research Article
International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2023. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Obesity prevalence and its associated factors in an urban and rural area of Abuja Nigeria
Adediran Olufemi Sola1, Okpara Ihunanya Chinyere1*, Adeniyi Olasupo Stephen2, Jimoh Ahmed Kayode3
1Department of Internal Medicine, P. M. B. 102119, Benue State University Makurdi, Nigeria.
2Department of Physiology, P. M. B. 102119, Benue State University Makurdi, Nigeria
3Department of Chemical Pathology, Federal Medical Centre, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria
Accepted 28 November, 2022
Abstract
There is a global rise in the prevalence of obesity in both developed and developing countries reaching epidemic levels. It has therefore become an important health issue globally. This study aims at determining the prevalence of obesity in an urban and rural area in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja – Nigeria. In a cross sectional community based study, and by a stratified random sampling method, 229 subjects were selected. A pretested structured questionnaire was administered to obtain sociodemographic characteristics. Anthropometric data were measured by standard methods. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated and in conjunction with waist WC were used as measures of obesity. The overall prevalence of obesity was 22.3%. Prevalence rates were higher in the urban area than rural area (40.7% versus 4.3%, χ2 =43.81,p <0.001). Obesity was more prevalent in women than men (36.2% versus 8.0%, χ2 = 26.37, p<0.001) and was significantly associated with little or no education (OR= 3.100, p = 0.001). The prevalence of obesity in the urban area was much higher than in the rural area. This was mainly due to nutritional transition and lack of education.
Keywords: Obesity, prevalence, urban, rural.
Adeniyi Olasupo Stephen and Jimoh Ahmed Kayode, Okpara Ihunanya Chinyere1*, Adediran Olufemi Sola
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https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPHE/1249Research Article
International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN: 2326-7291 Vol. 11 (9), pp. 001-010, September, 2022. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Chronic viral HBeAg-negative hepatitis B: therapeutic characteristics in an outpatient descriptive cohort
Eric Nagaonlé Somé1*, Issaka Zongo1, Félicité Nana1, Daouda Sané2, Maxime Drabo1, Roger Sombié2
1Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
2Département de gastro-entérologie ; UFR/SdS ; Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Accepted 20 September, 2022
Abstract
In Burkina Faso, the prevalence of HBs antigen is estimated at 9.1%. We aimed to describe the therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of chronic HBeAg-negative viral hepatitis B outpatients at the University Hospital Yalgado Ouédraogo. Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study including 325 participants with a retrospective data collection from January 2004 to April 2016. Results: The mean age was 38.7 years and the sex ratio, 1.5. The mean concentration of HBsAg and HBV Viral load was 7861.6 IU/mL and 32 237.20 IU/mL, respectively. A total of 84 participants were on antiviral therapy; 73 (86.9%) and six (7.1%) patients were on tenofovir and lamivudine, respectively. Under tenofovir, the virological response was complete and ALT was normal in 44.4% and 77.7% of the patients after one year. HBV DNA was undetectable and ALT normal under Lamivudine in 50% of the patients after four years. The adherence to the treatment was high, moderate or low in 71.4%, 21.4% and 7.2% of the cases, respectively. In high adherent group, HBV DNA was undetectable and ALT normal in 91.6% and 95% of cases, respectively. Under tenofovir and lamivudine, we noted an HBsAg seroconversion after 2 and seven years of treatment, respectively. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of chronic HBeAg negative hepatitis B patients is currently increasing. The HBs seroconversion is still low. The sensitization of the population to avoid the viral hepatitis infection mainly by a systematic immunization of the population remains the most effective weapon to fight this disease.
Key words: hepatitis B infection, HBs antigen, HBe antigen, antiviral treatment, adherence, sub Saharan Africa.
Eric Nagaonle Some*, Maxime Drabo and Roger Sombie, Felicite Nana, Issaka Zongo, Daouda Sane
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https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPHE/1246Review
International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 11 (8), pp. 001-005, August, 2022. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Granulomatous inflammation in lymph nodes draining cancer: A coincidence or a significant association!
Alka Bhatia1*, Yashwant kumar 2 and Anjali Solanki Kathpalia3
1Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Grecian Super speciality Hospital Mohali, India.
3Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
Accepted 10 January, 2022
Abstract
Granulomatous inflammation is considered to be an immune mechanism against infections or certain non-neoplastic conditions. Rarely granuloma formation may be noted in neoplastic disorders also. However a granulomatous response in the lymph nodes draining cancers is unusual. Such granulomas may sometimes show tumour cells in their centre. The exact cause of this phenomenon is not known but an immunologic reaction to tumour antigens has been suggested. A close scrutiny of such granuloma is necessary to avoid under diagnosis of a metastatic disease. Subtle morphological fea-tures which may be helpful in differentiating a co-existing infection or tumour induced granuloma need to be addressed. Moreover the biologic significance of such a granulomatous response in inducing tu-mour remission or in shielding tumour cells from host lymphocytes also requires further investigation.
Key words: Granuloma, cancer, metastasis.
Alka Bhatia*, Yashwant kumar and Anjali Solanki Kathpalia
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https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPHE/1244Short Communication
International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 11 (7), pp. 001-003, July, 2022. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Effect of metformin and folic acid on plasma homocysteine level in type 2 diabetic patients
Mohammad Mohammadi1*, Masoud Amini1, Ashraf Aminiorroay2, Hasan Rezvanian2, Ali Kachuei2, Mansour Siyavash2, Soodabeh- Rahimi Saghand1and Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani1
1Yazd Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
2Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
Accepted 12 February, 2022
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of metformin and folic acid on plasma homocysteine level in diabetic patients. In this clinical trial 47 new cases of type 2 diabetes were randomized to two groups. We treated patients in trial group with metformin and 1 mg folic acid, whereas patients in control group treated with metformin and placebo for 16 weeks. There was no significant difference in plasma homocysteine level and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between two groups at the start of study. After 16 weeks plasma homocysteine level in the trial group did not change. In contrast plasma homocysteine level increased in the placebo group. There was significant difference in mean plasma homocysteine level between two groups (P-value < 0.01). This difference was highly significant in males (P-value < 0.0001). Correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma homocysteine level at start and end of study was not significant. This finding indicated that metformin increases plasma homocysteine level in diabetic patients especially males, whereas administration of folic acid with metformin can prevent this process.
Key words: Type 2 diabetes, homocysteine, metformin, folic acid, glycosylated hemoglobin, sex.
Mohammad Mohammadi*, Ashraf Aminiorroay, Hasan Rezvanian, Mansour Siyavash, Soodabeh- Rahimi Saghand and Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani, Masoud Amini, Ali Kachuei
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https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPHE/1243