International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology

International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of premarital sex among Bedsit-living students in Hue City, Vietnam

¹Clara Cooper, Rebecca Philips² and Larry Williams³

¹Faculty of Public Health, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Vietnam

²Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea

³Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Vietnam.

Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 10 January, 2019

Abstract                                                         

The study aimed to explore knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of premarital sex and its associated factors among bedsit-living students. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Hue city, Vietnam in 2015. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to recruit students. Data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire at participant’s room. A total of 730 students (men/women: 44.2%/55.8%, mean age: 20.9 years) were enrolled. Prevalence of premarital sex was 11.9% with an average age of first sexual intercourse at 19.8 ± 2.2 years. For premarital sex, 13.3% - 19.5% students did not have enough knowledge of reproductive health and safe sex, 34.1% agreed on different situations. Male students accepted premarital sex more than female students did (45.8% vs. 24.8%, p < .001, χ²). Gender, age group, marital status, knowledge of consequences of premarital sex and knowledge of STDs prevention were associated with attitude and practice of premarital sex (p < .05, χ²). The prevalence of premarital sex was comparable with recent domestic and regional data, yet implied an increased trend. Up to one-fifth of students were not equipped with enough knowledge of safe sex, therefore, reproductive and sexual health education for bedsit-living students should be reinforced.

Key words:  premarital sex, knowledge, attitude, behavior, students.

International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Laparoscopic repair of ventral hernia an early experience at Khyber teaching hospital Peshawar

Rooh-Ul-Muqim¹*, Qutb-E-Alam Jan², Mohammad Zarin¹, Faryal Gul³, Jawad Ahmed³, Javeria Iqbal³ and Aziz Wazir¹

¹Surgical –C-Unit of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, H. No.185, St. No. 5, Sector J-2, Phase II, Hayatabad Peshawar.

²Surgical-E- Unit of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, H. No.185, St. No. 5, Sector J-2, Phase II, Hayatabad Peshawar.

³Surgical-D Unit of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, H. No.185, St. No. 5, Sector J-2, Phase II, Hayatabad Peshawar.

Accepted 14 September, 2018

Abstract

To analyze the results and outcome of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair as a relatively new technique in our setup. Prospective study from June 2007 to June 2008. Surgical- D Unit, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. All the patients undergoing laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. The patients were evaluated clinically and by investigations. After appropriate preparation, laparoscopic mesh repair was performed. Intra and post operative complications and the outcome were noted and the whole data analyzed. Out of the total 54 cases, 7(12.96%) were umbilical Hernia, 13(24.07%) para umbilical, 9(16.66%) epigastric and 25(46.29%) were incisional hernia. All patients had mesh repaired, the operating time ranged from 35 min to 2 h in difficult cases with adhesions. All cases were successfully carried out laparoscopically. The complication rate was low with only 3 patients having portsite bleeding, 2(3.7%) seroma, 3(5.55%) had superficial infection. Severe pain in 11(20.37%) requiring injectable analgesics and only 1(1.85%) patient had recurrence at 4 months. No mortality or major complication. LVHR is a safe procedure with acceptable operating time, few complications, short hospital stay, few recurrence and better patient satisfaction, as compared to open surgical procedures (Table 3).

Key words: Ventral hernia, incisional hernia, umbilical hernia, epigastric hernia, mesh repair, laparoscopic repair, outcome, complications.

International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effect of intermittent preventive treatment using sulphadoxine pyrimethamine in control of malaria in pregnancy: A cross-sectional study in the Offinso district of Ghana

Emmanuel Osei Tutu^{1, 2*}, Easmon Otupiri², John Larbi¹, Charles Brown³, Edmund Browne² and Bernard Lawson¹

¹Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

²Department of Community Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

³Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.

Accepted 15 November, 2018

Abstract

Malaria infection during pregnancy causes maternal anaemia and placental parasitaemia both of which pose substantial risks to the mother, the foetus and the newborn. This study assessed the effects of intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) using Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) to control malaria in pregnancy in the Offinso district, Ghana. Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) between October 2005 and June 2006 in five health facilities in the District were studied. The effects of SP on parasitaemia, haemoglobin level and adverse effects on pregnant women were assessed. Of the 444 pregnant women studied, 190 (43%) took SP. The influence of SP intake on malaria infection was insignificant (r = 0.0008, p = 0.986). However, there was a tendency towards reduced parasitaemia as number of SP doses increased; one dose: 29/82 (35%), two doses: 18/57 (32%) and three doses: 11/57 (22%). The mean Hb level (10.4 ± 1.69 g/dl) for the SP group (all doses combined) was significantly higher than that (9.9 ± 1.64 g/dl) in the no SP group (p = 0.002). Further, there was a significant association between IPTp using SP and haemoglobin level (p = 0.01) with a dose-response relationship. SP usage had no significant adverse effects on the pregnant women. Effective implementation of IPTp using SP is an evidence-based measure for control of malaria-related anaemia in pregnancy.

Key words: Malaria, intermittent preventive treatment, pregnant women, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine.

International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Bovine trypanosomosis and its impact on cattle in derived savanna areas of Ogun State, Nigeria

S. O. Sam-Wobo^1*, A. J. Igenezoa¹, O. A. Idowu¹, E. B. Otesile², U. F. Ekpo¹ and O. O. Kehinde²

¹Parasitology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

²College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Accepted 19 April, 2018

Abstract

Parasitological evaluation of bovine trypanosomosis to assess its impact in 113 cattle from Ogunola, Olodo, and Imeko in derived savanna areas of Ogun State were carried out. Blood samples were collected aseptically and screened using standard trypanosome detection methods in addition to packed cell volume (PCV) determination. Results showed that mean prevalence rate of bovine trypanosomosis was 31.62% with varying prevalence across the communities Olodo (42.85%), Ogunola (39.13%) and Imeko (13.33%). Assessing age and infection status revealed that animals over 60 months (5 years) had higher infection rate across all study locations with a statistical significant difference (p < 0.05) in infection. Infections were higher among the females than the males but not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The PCV values of infected cattle in all locations were lower than the non-infected. Trypanosoma vivax prevalence was higher than Trypanosoma congolense, and Trypanosoma brucei brucei across communities. The common breeds identified were the red Bororo (37.6%), Sokoto Gudali (25.6%) and the white Fulani (36.8%). The white Fulani had higher infection status (18.8%) than the Gudali (9.8%) and Red bororo (3%). The high rate of T. vivax and the zoonotic nature of T. b. brucei call for urgent control action for humans and cattle.

Key words: Trypanosomosis, derived savanna areas, Ogun State.