ISSN 2329-9797
Research Article
International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension ISSN 2329-9797 Vol. 6 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Analysis of rural and urban households’ food consumption differential in North-Central, Nigeria: A micro-econometric approach
Obayelu, A. E.*, Okoruwa, V. O. and Oni, O. A.
Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Accepted 22 November, 2017
Abstract
This paper examines whether there are differences in food consumption patterns between the rural and urban households in the North-central Nigeria using food consumption data obtained from households’ seven days memory recall. While analytical tools like the descriptive statistics were used, the nature of data on fruits and vegetable with a lot of zero consumption led to the employment of the double-hurdle model. The results of the descriptive statistics revealed heterogeneity in consumption and expenditure patterns across households in rural and urban areas. While the urban residents purchase 37.9% of the food they consume, families in rural areas purchase only 26.6%. The most commonly consumed foods among urban populations included rice, fat and oil, bread, soft drink, sugar and milk, while those in rural areas was substantially different and included yam and cassava flour. Urban households in both states consumed more rice, fat and oil, bread, soft drink, sugar and milk with less yam and cassava flour compared to the rural households. Households’ decision to participate in fruits and vegetable food group from double-hurdle model was based on their income, location, membership of cooperative group and access to refrigerator. The actual consumption was based on income and their membership of social group. There is the need to increase households’ income and access to fruits and vegetable preservation facilities to facilitate the consumption of the food items.
Key words: Consumption, zero food consumption, food consumption differential, double-hurdle
Okoruwa , A. E.*, O. A., Obayelu , V. O. and Oni
Page: 1 - 9
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAEE/1050Review
International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension ISSN 2329-9797 Vol. 6 (1), pp. 001-020, January, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Review
The wealth of the emerging world - the next 15 - 25 years
Lucy Badalian* and Victor Krivorotov
Millennium Workshop, 11501 Maple Ridge Rd. Reston VA 20190 USA.
Accepted 24 June, 2017
Abstract
The article introduces a new economic concept - domestication of a territory. In the past, harnessing the Ricardian advantage of each successive unique territory meant the development of a brand new technological package along with social institutions, custom tailored to the land’s specifics. Today, we face a similar necessity of improving the productivity of territories of the developing world. They are rich, diverse and fragile, thus, hardly present a good fit for the current heavily mechanized oil-based economy, US-style. Apparently, a new approach to development is needed, along with special strategies, custom tailored both to the specifics of these territories and their ages-old social customs. We show that indeed such approaches are already appearing, grass- roots, from bottom- up, simultaneously in West and East, ranging from the use of mobile phones in Kenya by fishermen for sales/banking/micro financing, neighborhood gardens in India, new business paradigm in China (Object-Oriented Design, further OOD) to the rise of online markets on eBay and Amazon or dissemination-democratization of knowledge by Google. The rise of new forms is based on the use of the most modern technologies, enabling miniaturization and customization. We argue that this may lead to the future economy of small series. This potential opposite of the current economy of mass production would be based on the ages-old eastern tradition of artisan-style production and intensive but careful use of smallish land plots. The outcome of such a switch in paradigms would depend on the success or failure of new public/private forms of ownership, based on judicious use of public commons for the private gain of its residents. This would include such intangibles as air, land, quality of life etc, usually neglected within capitalism (Polanyi, 2001).
Key words: Public good, mass production, small series, oil, coal, private ownership, public ownership, wealth generation.
Victor Krivorotov, Lucy Badalian*
Page: 1 - 20
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAEE/1048Research Article
International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension ISSN 2329-9797 Vol. 5 (12), pp. 001-006, December, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Characterization and frequency analysis of consecutive days maximum rainfall at Boalia, Rajshahi and Bangladesh
M. A. B. Barkotulla1*, M. S. Rahman2 and M. M. Rahman3
1Department of Crop Science and Technology, University of Rajshahi, India.
2Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, India.
3Department of Civil Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, India.
Accepted 12 April, 2017
Abstract
Probability distributions were to predict rainfall status of various return period estimating one day and two to seven consecutive days annual maximum rainfall of Boalia, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Three commonly used probability distributions (viz: Normal, Log Normal and Gamma distribution) were tested to determine the best fit probability distribution using the comparison of chi- square values. Results showed that the log-normal distribution was the best fit probability distribution for one day and two to seven consecutive days annual maximum rainfall for the region. Based on the best fit probability distribution the maximum rainfall of 116.15, 161.09, 190.14, 205.96, 220.37, 234.66 and 245.21 mm was expected to occur 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days respectively at Boalia (Rajshahi City Corporation and surrounding areas) every two years. For a recurrence interval of 100 years, the maximum rainfall expected in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days were 290.24, 406.49, 544.08, 558.56, 600.33, 631.28 and 633.89 mm respectively. The results of this study would be useful for agricultural scientists, decision makers, policy planners and researchers in order to identify the areas where agricultural development and construction of drainage systems in Boalia as one of the major factors causing flooding should be focused as a long-term environmental strategy for Bangladesh.
Key words: Return period, frequency, probability distribution, consecutive days’ maximum rainfall.
M. A. B. Barkotulla*, M. S. Rahman and M. M. Rahman
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAEE/1047Research Article
International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension ISSN 2329-9797 Vol. 5 (9), pp. 001-007, September, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Determinants of household saving: Case study of smallholder farmers, entrepreneurs and teachers in rural areas of Kenya
Lawrence K. Kibet2, Benjamin K. Mutai2, Desterio E. Ouma1, Shem A. Ouma3 and George Owuor2*
1Egerton University, Department of Economics Box 536 Egerton, Kenya.
2Egerton University, Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Box 536, Egerton, Kenya.
3Macro-Economic Analyst, Central Bank of Kenya, Kenya.
Accepted 08 April, 2017
Abstract
The adoption of liberalization measures in Kenya culminated in a rise and spread of interest rates in the financial sector. The saving rate has however remained low. Most studies have not been conclusive on factors influencing savings in developing countries. This study adopted a microeconomic approach in investigating the factors that influence savings among households of teachers, entrepreneurs and farmers in rural parts of Nakuru District. The sample composed of 359 teachers, entrepreneurs and farmers was selected through multistage sampling technique from seven rural administrative divisions of the district. Through application of least squares method the main finding was that household saving is determined by: the type of occupation, household income, age and gender of household head, level of education, dependency ratio, service charge, transport costs and credit access. The study is valuable to decision makers in financial institutions, economists and other policy makers. Generally, decision and policy makers in private, government and international institutions concerned with finance and development need to consider the effects of the above factors when making decisions concerning saving.
Key words: Saving, income, dependency ratio, rural, Kenya.
Benjamin K. Mutai, Lawrence K. Kibet, Shem A. Ouma and George Owuor*, Desterio E. Ouma
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAEE/1044Research Article
International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension ISSN 2329-9797 Vol. 5 (8), pp. 001-008, August, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Analysis of extension activities on farmers’ productivity in Southwest, Nigeria
Ogunsumi Lucia Omobolanle
Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo, University, Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 04 March, 2017
Abstract
This study was conducted to analyze extension activities on farmers’ productivity in South West Nigeria. The main objective was to investigate influences of extension contact on adoption level, sustained use of technology as well as farmers’ productivity. Structured interview schedules as well as in-depth study devices were used to collect data, which were analyzed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that there were significant positive correlations between age and adoption pattern (r = 0.16), age and soybean adoption level (r = 0.15), age and cassava adoption level (r= 0.14), organizational membership and extension contact (r = 0.21), factors affecting sustained use of maize and cassava technologies (r = 0.09) while a negative significant correlation exists between factors affecting sustained use of maize technology and extension contact (r = - 0.15). There were also significant positive correlations between attitude of farmers towards improved technologies and factors affecting the sustained use of maize technologies (r = 0.44). About 84% of variation in the sustained use of technology was explained by the independent variables included into the Probit model. Agricultural technologies developed and disseminated should meet farmers’ socio-cultural, economic and environmental changing situations; Government should fund research and extension to enhance sustainable agriculture.
Key words: Analysis, extension, farmers, productivity.
Ogunsumi Lucia Omobolanle
Page: 1 - 8
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAEE/1043Research Article
International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension ISSN 2329-9797 Vol. 5 (7), pp. 001-005, July, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) adoption among farmers in central agro-ecological zone of Delta State, Nigeria
Ofuoku, A. U.1* Egho, E. O.2 and Enujeke, E. C.2
1Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba, Nigeria.
2Department of Agronomy, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba, Nigeria.
Accepted 12 March, 2017
Abstract
The adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) among farmers in Central Agro-ecological Zone of Delta State, Nigeria was assessed. Three hundred and twenty farmers were selected and interviewed with the use of structured interview schedule. The findings revealed that 15:63% of the farmers adopted the technology but extension contact was not encouraging. Result of the probit model analysis showed that marital status, household size, involvement of every household member was the significant demographic factors influencing the use of the innovation. There is therefore the need to embark on aggressive extension campaign for the utilization and popularization of the technology among farmers. Extension agents should select contact farmers from among those that are married, middle-aged, willing to involve all household members in decision making for rapid technology adoption and diffusion.
Key words: Integrated pest management, adoption farmers, extension campaign, and central agro-ecological zone.
E. O. and Enujeke, Ofuoku , E. C., A. U.* Egho
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAEE/1042