ISSN 2167-0404
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences | Vol. 12, No. 3, March 2022 | pp. 17–24
DOI: 10.46882/2022/IJMMS/120017
Original Research Article
Gastroprotective and Antiperoxidative Actions of Zingiber officinale Extract against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulceration in Wistar Rats
Amina R. Abubakar¹, George K. Mwangi², Thomas O. Adeyemi¹*
¹Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
²Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Abstract:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as indomethacin often induce gastric mucosal damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. This experimental animal study examined the gastroprotective and antiperoxidative potential of a methanolic extract of Zingiber officinale rhizome (MEZO) against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in male Wistar rats. Thirty adult rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Control, Indomethacin-alone (30 mg/kg, orally as a single dose on day 14), Omeprazole reference control (20 mg/kg), and two treatment groups receiving MEZO (200 and 400 mg/kg) orally for 14 consecutive days prior to indomethacin administration. Gastric mucosal injury was evaluated using macroscopic ulcer indices, gastric wall mucus quantification, lipid peroxidation assays, and histopathological analysis. Administration of indomethacin caused severe gastric ulceration, evidenced by a high mean ulcer index (4.82 ± 0.35) and a significant reduction in gastric wall mucus content (p < 0.01). Indomethacin also significantly increased tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the gastric mucosa (p < 0.01). Pre-treatment with MEZO (especially at 400 mg/kg) significantly protected against mucosal injury, lowering the mean ulcer index to 1.24 ± 0.15 (p < 0.01 vs. indomethacin group) and preserving gastric wall mucus. MEZO lowered lipid peroxidation and restored antioxidant enzyme activities. Histopathological evaluation confirmed these findings, showing minimal mucosal erosion and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Zingiber officinale extract offers substantial protection against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration by reducing oxidative stress and preserving mucosal integrity.
Keywords: Zingiber officinale, Indomethacin, Gastric Ulcer, Lipid Peroxidation, Gastroprotection, Antioxidants
Manuscript Timeline: Received: November 12, 2021; Revised: December 20, 2021; Accepted: January 15, 2022; Published: March 11, 2022.
Citation: Abubakar AR, Mwangi GK, Adeyemi TO. Gastroprotective and Antiperoxidative Actions of Zingiber officinale Extract against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulceration in Wistar Rats. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2022, 12(3): 17–24. DOI: 10.46882/2022/IJMMS/120017
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences | Vol. 12, No. 2, February 2022 | pp. 9–16
DOI: 10.46882/2022/IJMMS/120009
Original Research Article
Prevalence and Molecular Mechanisms of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Bloodstream Infections
Samuel T. Balogun¹, Chidi O. Emmanuel², Fatima B. Yusuf¹*
¹Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
²Department of Chemical Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Abstract:
Bloodstream infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) present serious clinical challenges due to limited therapeutic options and high mortality rates. This prospective cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, and molecular carbapenemase genotypes of K. pneumoniae isolated from patients with blood cultures matching clinical sepsis criteria. Stool and blood culture specimens collected from 450 hospitalized patients were screened. Isolates were identified using standard biochemical methods, and carbapenem resistance was confirmed via meropenem disk diffusion testing. Carbapenemase-producing genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaOXA-48) were identified using multiplex PCR amplification. Out of 120 laboratory-confirmed K. pneumoniae bloodstream isolates, the prevalence of CRKP was found to be 18.3% (22/120). Phenotypic profiles showed high co-resistance rates to amikacin (72.7%) and ciprofloxacin (86.4%), while all strains remained susceptible to polymyxin B and tigecycline (100%). Molecular analysis revealed that the blaNDM gene was the most common genotype (59.1%), followed by blaOXA-48 (27.3%) and blaKPC (9.1%), with multiple carbapenemase genes found in 4.5% of the isolates. Logistic regression modeling demonstrated that a prior ICU stay > 7 days (OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.0–8.4, p < 0.001) and previous treatment with third-generation cephalosporins (OR = 3.2, p < 0.01) were independent risk factors for CRKP infection. The high burden of NDM-producing K. pneumoniae strains highlights the importance of implementing strict contact isolation precautions and antimicrobial stewardship programs in tertiary hospitals.
Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bloodstream Infection, Carbapenem Resistance, blaNDM gene, Carbapenemase, Antimicrobial Stewardship
Manuscript Timeline: Received: October 10, 2021; Revised: November 18, 2021; Accepted: December 14, 2021; Published: February 17, 2022.
Citation: Balogun ST, Emmanuel CO, Yusuf FB. Prevalence and Molecular Mechanisms of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Bloodstream Infections. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2022, 12(2): 9–16. DOI: 10.46882/2022/IJMMS/120009
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences | Vol. 12, No. 3, March 2022 | pp. 17–24
DOI: 10.46882/2022/IJMMS/120017
Original Research Article
Gastroprotective and Antiperoxidative Actions of Zingiber officinale Extract against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulceration in Wistar Rats
Amina R. Abubakar¹, George K. Mwangi², Thomas O. Adeyemi¹*
¹Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
²Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Abstract:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as indomethacin often induce gastric mucosal damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. This experimental animal study examined the gastroprotective and antiperoxidative potential of a methanolic extract of Zingiber officinale rhizome (MEZO) against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in male Wistar rats. Thirty adult rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Control, Indomethacin-alone (30 mg/kg, orally as a single dose on day 14), Omeprazole reference control (20 mg/kg), and two treatment groups receiving MEZO (200 and 400 mg/kg) orally for 14 consecutive days prior to indomethacin administration. Gastric mucosal injury was evaluated using macroscopic ulcer indices, gastric wall mucus quantification, lipid peroxidation assays, and histopathological analysis. Administration of indomethacin caused severe gastric ulceration, evidenced by a high mean ulcer index (4.82 ± 0.35) and a significant reduction in gastric wall mucus content (p < 0.01). Indomethacin also significantly increased tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the gastric mucosa (p < 0.01). Pre-treatment with MEZO (especially at 400 mg/kg) significantly protected against mucosal injury, lowering the mean ulcer index to 1.24 ± 0.15 (p < 0.01 vs. indomethacin group) and preserving gastric wall mucus. MEZO lowered lipid peroxidation and restored antioxidant enzyme activities. Histopathological evaluation confirmed these findings, showing minimal mucosal erosion and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Zingiber officinale extract offers substantial protection against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration by reducing oxidative stress and preserving mucosal integrity.
Keywords: Zingiber officinale, Indomethacin, Gastric Ulcer, Lipid Peroxidation, Gastroprotection, Antioxidants
Manuscript Timeline: Received: November 12, 2021; Revised: December 20, 2021; Accepted: January 15, 2022; Published: March 11, 2022.
Citation: Abubakar AR, Mwangi GK, Adeyemi TO. Gastroprotective and Antiperoxidative Actions of Zingiber officinale Extract against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulceration in Wistar Rats. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2022, 12(3): 17–24. DOI: 10.46882/2022/IJMMS/120017
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences | Vol. 12, No. 1, January 2022 | pp. 1–8
DOI: 10.46882/2022/IJMMS/120001
Original Research Article
Psychological Well-being, Work Stress, and Sleep Quality among Physicians in Public Tertiary Hospitals
Grace E. Akpan¹, David O. Mensah², Sarah W. Ndlovu¹*
¹Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
²Department of Psychiatry, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana.
Abstract:
High levels of occupational stress among hospital physicians can lead to poor sleep quality and reduced psychological well-being, potentially impacting patient care. This cross-sectional analytical survey evaluated the relationships between workplace stress, sleep quality, and psychological well-being among practicing physicians in public tertiary hospitals. We enrolled 180 resident and attending physicians who completed a structured questionnaire package including the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). The results revealed a high prevalence of poor sleep quality, with 58.3% (105/180) scoring > 5 on the PSQI. Substantial psychological distress (GHQ-12 score ≥ 3) was identified in 46.1% of the physicians. Resident physicians reported significantly higher mean stress scores and worse sleep quality compared to attending consultants (p < 0.01). Multivariate linear regression modeling showed that a high workload (> 60 hours/week) was strongly correlated with elevated stress levels (β = 0.42, p < 0.001) and poor sleep quality (β = 0.35, p < 0.01). Furthermore, physicians with poor sleep quality had an increased risk of psychological distress (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.6–6.4, p < 0.01). The study highlights a high burden of work-related stress and sleep disturbances among hospital physicians, which are closely linked to long working hours. Implementing institutional strategies such as capping shift lengths, introducing mandatory rest periods, and providing mental health support programs are essential to protect the well-being of healthcare providers.
Keywords: Physicians, Occupational Stress, Sleep Quality, PSQI, Psychological Distress, Workload
Manuscript Timeline: Received: September 15, 2021; Revised: October 24, 2021; Accepted: November 18, 2021; Published: January 14, 2022.
Citation: Akpan GE, Mensah DO, Ndlovu SW. Psychological Well-being, Work Stress, and Sleep Quality among Physicians in Public Tertiary Hospitals. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2022, 12(1): 1–8. DOI: 10.46882/2022/IJMMS/120001
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences | Vol. 12, No. 2, February 2022 | pp. 9–16
DOI: 10.46882/2022/IJMMS/120009
Original Research Article
Prevalence and Molecular Mechanisms of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Bloodstream Infections
Samuel T. Balogun¹, Chidi O. Emmanuel², Fatima B. Yusuf¹*
¹Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
²Department of Chemical Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Abstract:
Bloodstream infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) present serious clinical challenges due to limited therapeutic options and high mortality rates. This prospective cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, and molecular carbapenemase genotypes of K. pneumoniae isolated from patients with blood cultures matching clinical sepsis criteria. Stool and blood culture specimens collected from 450 hospitalized patients were screened. Isolates were identified using standard biochemical methods, and carbapenem resistance was confirmed via meropenem disk diffusion testing. Carbapenemase-producing genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaOXA-48) were identified using multiplex PCR amplification. Out of 120 laboratory-confirmed K. pneumoniae bloodstream isolates, the prevalence of CRKP was found to be 18.3% (22/120). Phenotypic profiles showed high co-resistance rates to amikacin (72.7%) and ciprofloxacin (86.4%), while all strains remained susceptible to polymyxin B and tigecycline (100%). Molecular analysis revealed that the blaNDM gene was the most common genotype (59.1%), followed by blaOXA-48 (27.3%) and blaKPC (9.1%), with multiple carbapenemase genes found in 4.5% of the isolates. Logistic regression modeling demonstrated that a prior ICU stay > 7 days (OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.0–8.4, p < 0.001) and previous treatment with third-generation cephalosporins (OR = 3.2, p < 0.01) were independent risk factors for CRKP infection. The high burden of NDM-producing K. pneumoniae strains highlights the importance of implementing strict contact isolation precautions and antimicrobial stewardship programs in tertiary hospitals.
Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bloodstream Infection, Carbapenem Resistance, blaNDM gene, Carbapenemase, Antimicrobial Stewardship
Manuscript Timeline: Received: October 10, 2021; Revised: November 18, 2021; Accepted: December 14, 2021; Published: February 17, 2022.
Citation: Balogun ST, Emmanuel CO, Yusuf FB. Prevalence and Molecular Mechanisms of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Bloodstream Infections. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2022, 12(2): 9–16. DOI: 10.46882/2022/IJMMS/120009
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences | Vol. 12, No. 3, March 2022 | pp. 17–24
DOI: 10.46882/2022/IJMMS/120017
Original Research Article
Gastroprotective and Antiperoxidative Actions of Zingiber officinale Extract against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulceration in Wistar Rats
Amina R. Abubakar¹, George K. Mwangi², Thomas O. Adeyemi¹*
¹Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
²Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Abstract:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as indomethacin often induce gastric mucosal damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. This experimental animal study examined the gastroprotective and antiperoxidative potential of a methanolic extract of Zingiber officinale rhizome (MEZO) against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in male Wistar rats. Thirty adult rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Control, Indomethacin-alone (30 mg/kg, orally as a single dose on day 14), Omeprazole reference control (20 mg/kg), and two treatment groups receiving MEZO (200 and 400 mg/kg) orally for 14 consecutive days prior to indomethacin administration. Gastric mucosal injury was evaluated using macroscopic ulcer indices, gastric wall mucus quantification, lipid peroxidation assays, and histopathological analysis. Administration of indomethacin caused severe gastric ulceration, evidenced by a high mean ulcer index (4.82 ± 0.35) and a significant reduction in gastric wall mucus content (p < 0.01). Indomethacin also significantly increased tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the gastric mucosa (p < 0.01). Pre-treatment with MEZO (especially at 400 mg/kg) significantly protected against mucosal injury, lowering the mean ulcer index to 1.24 ± 0.15 (p < 0.01 vs. indomethacin group) and preserving gastric wall mucus. MEZO lowered lipid peroxidation and restored antioxidant enzyme activities. Histopathological evaluation confirmed these findings, showing minimal mucosal erosion and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Zingiber officinale extract offers substantial protection against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration by reducing oxidative stress and preserving mucosal integrity.
Keywords: Zingiber officinale, Indomethacin, Gastric Ulcer, Lipid Peroxidation, Gastroprotection, Antioxidants
Manuscript Timeline: Received: November 12, 2021; Revised: December 20, 2021; Accepted: January 15, 2022; Published: March 11, 2022.
Citation: Abubakar AR, Mwangi GK, Adeyemi TO. Gastroprotective and Antiperoxidative Actions of Zingiber officinale Extract against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulceration in Wistar Rats. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2022, 12(3): 17–24. DOI: 10.46882/2022/IJMMS/120017
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences | Vol. 11, No. 12, December 2021 | pp. 89–96
DOI: 10.46882/2021/IJMMS/110089
Original Research Article
Predictors of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Hypercoagulability Profiles in Major Orthopedic Surgery Patients
Ibrahim K. Diallo¹, Victoria N. Eke², Jean-Baptiste M. Diop¹*
¹Department of Haematology, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.
²Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
Abstract:
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious complication following major orthopedic procedures, requiring precise risk assessment and effective prophylaxis. This prospective cohort study evaluated hypercoagulability profiles and clinical predictors of DVT in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery (total hip or knee arthroplasty and fixation of lower limb fractures). We evaluated 130 adult patients who did not receive routine chemical thromboprophylaxis prior to surgery due to clinical contraindications. Duplex ultrasonography screening was performed on postoperative days 3 and 7 to detect asymptomatic or symptomatic DVT. Coagulation parameters, including plasma fibrinogen, antithrombin III, and D-dimer, were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. The overall incidence of confirmed DVT within 7 days post-surgery was 16.9% (22/130), with 72.7% of cases being asymptomatic. Patients who developed DVT had significantly higher mean postoperative day 3 D-dimer levels (2.85 ± 0.64 μg/mL) compared to those without DVT (1.42 ± 0.35 μg/mL, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression modeling demonstrated that an age ≥ 60 years (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.5–7.8, p < 0.01), operative duration > 120 minutes (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.2–6.4, p < 0.05), and a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m² (OR = 2.5, p < 0.05) were independent predictors of DVT development. Major orthopedic surgeries are associated with a high incidence of early postoperative DVT, particularly in older or obese patients and during prolonged surgeries. Routine duplex ultrasound surveillance and timely initiation of thromboprophylaxis are critical.
Keywords: Deep Vein Thrombosis, Orthopedic Surgery, Hypercoagulability, D-Dimer, Risk Factors, Thromboprophylaxis
Manuscript Timeline: Received: August 28, 2021; Revised: October 05, 2021; Accepted: November 02, 2021; Published: December 15, 2021.
Citation: Diallo IK, Eke VN, Diop JBM. Predictors of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Hypercoagulability Profiles in Major Orthopedic Surgery Patients. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2021, 11(12): 89–96. DOI: 10.46882/2021/IJMMS/110089
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences | Vol. 11, No. 11, November 2021 | pp. 81–88
DOI: 10.46882/2021/IJMMS/110081
Original Research Article
Epidemiological Trends and Perinatal Outcomes of Adolescent Pregnancies in an Urban Tertiary Referral Center
Evelyn N. Kamau¹, Tunde O. Adebayo², Sarah M. Touré¹*
¹Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
²Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Abstract:
Adolescent pregnancy is an important public health issue associated with poor maternal and perinatal outcomes due to biological immaturity and socioeconomic barriers. This descriptive retrospective study analyzed epidemiological trends and perinatal outcomes of adolescent deliveries over a four-year period (2017–2020) at an urban tertiary hospital. Clinical and demographic records of all pregnant adolescents aged 10 to 19 years who delivered at the facility were analyzed and compared with a control group of adult mothers aged 20 to 29 years (n = 500). Out of 12,400 total deliveries, adolescent pregnancies accounted for 8.5% (1,054/12,400). The majority of adolescent mothers belonged to the late adolescent group aged 17–19 years (82.4%), while early adolescents aged 10–16 years accounted for 17.6%. Adolescent mothers had a significantly higher rate of inadequate antenatal care attendance (< 4 visits) compared to the adult group (48.5% vs. 15.2%, p < 0.001). Perinatal outcomes revealed that adolescent pregnancies were associated with significantly higher rates of preterm birth (18.6% vs. 8.4%, p < 0.01), low birth weight (22.3% vs. 10.2%, p < 0.001), and a higher rate of emergency cesarean sections due to cephalopelvic disproportion (24.5% vs. 14.0%, p < 0.01). Neonatal intensive care unit admissions were also more frequent for infants born to adolescent mothers (15.4% vs. 7.2%, p < 0.01). Adolescent pregnancies carry elevated perinatal risks, underscoring the need for targeted youth-friendly antenatal services, comprehensive sex education, and improved social support systems.
Keywords: Adolescent Pregnancy, Perinatal Outcomes, Preterm Birth, Low Birth Weight, Cesarean Section, Antenatal Care
Manuscript Timeline: Received: July 14, 2021; Revised: August 22, 2021; Accepted: September 10, 2021; Published: November 11, 2021.
Citation: Kamau EN, Adebayo TO, Touré SM. Epidemiological Trends and Perinatal Outcomes of Adolescent Pregnancies in an Urban Tertiary Referral Center. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2021, 11(11): 81–88. DOI: 10.46882/2021/IJMMS/110081
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences | Vol. 11, No. 10, October 2021 | pp. 73–80
DOI: 10.46882/2021/IJMMS/110073
Original Research Article
Efficacy of Low-Dose Aspirin for the Prevention of Pre-eclampsia in High-Risk Nulliparous Pregnant Women
Fatima Z. Bello¹, Kwaku A. Mensah², Grace N. Ojo¹*
¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
²Department of Community Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Abstract:
Pre-eclampsia remains a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity worldwide, highlighting the need for effective preventative strategies in high-risk populations. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of low-dose aspirin in preventing pre-eclampsia among high-risk nulliparous pregnant women. A total of 220 nulliparous women identified as high-risk (due to pre-existing chronic hypertension, pre-gestational diabetes, or an elevated uterine artery pulsatility index on ultrasound) were randomized between 12 and 16 weeks of gestation. Participants received either daily low-dose aspirin (81 mg, n = 110) or a matching placebo (n = 110) until 36 weeks of gestation or delivery. The primary outcome was the incidence of pre-eclampsia, while secondary outcomes included gestational age at delivery, birth weight, and adverse bleeding events. The incidence of pre-eclampsia was significantly lower in the aspirin group (7.3%, 8/110) compared to the placebo group (17.3%, 19/110; p < 0.05; Relative Risk = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.19–0.92). Additionally, the mean gestational age at delivery was significantly higher in the aspirin cohort (38.2 ± 1.4 weeks) than in the placebo cohort (37.1 ± 2.1 weeks, p < 0.01). The incidence of low birth weight infants (< 2,500 g) was also lower in the aspirin arm (9.1% vs. 20.0%, p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding postpartum hemorrhage or abruptio placentae (p > 0.05). Early initiation of low-dose aspirin significantly reduces the incidence of pre-eclampsia and improves neonatal outcomes in high-risk nulliparous women without increasing bleeding risks.
Keywords: Pre-eclampsia, Low-Dose Aspirin, Nulliparous, High-Risk Pregnancy, Gestational Age, Birth Weight
Manuscript Timeline: Received: June 18, 2021; Revised: July 30, 2021; Accepted: August 24, 2021; Published: October 15, 2021.
Citation: Bello FZ, Mensah KA, Ojo GN. Efficacy of Low-Dose Aspirin for the Prevention of Pre-eclampsia in High-Risk Nulliparous Pregnant Women. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2021, 11(10): 73–80. DOI: 10.46882/2021/IJMMS/110073