African Journal of DNA and Cell Biology

African Journal of DNA and Cell Biology Vol.  1 (3) pp. 072-076, January, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

DNA harm and reduction of cell oxidase action in piglet sertoli cells presented to gossypol

*Zhou F. Ming , Jiang Z. Heng and Wang Guangcheng

College of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.

E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 5 January, 2011

Abstract

The study was designated to explore the toxic effects of gossypol on piglet sertoli cells. Sertoli cells were isolated from piglet testes using a two-step enzyme digestion and followed by differential plating. Piglet sertoli cells were cultured and classified into five groups, that is, group A, the control without gossypol, group B with 2.5 μg/ml gossypol, group C with 5 μg/ml gossypol, group D with 10 μg/ml gossypol and group E with 20 μg/ml gossypol. We found that sertoli cells’ growth was inhibited by gossypol at dose 2.5 μg/ml when compared with the control group. The oxidase activity of sertoli cell also decreased at 2.5 μg/m gossypol. Moreover, DNA damage of sertoli cells was observed at 5 μg/ml gossypol. Putting this into consideration, our study suggests that exposure of gossypol to sertoli cells leads to an inhibition of sertoli cell growth and oxidase activity of sertoli cells at a low concentration, whereas gossypol results in DNA damage of sertoli cells at a higher concentration.

Key words: Gossypol, sertoli cells, oxidase, DNA damage.

African Journal of DNA and Cell Biology Vol.  1 (3) pp. 058-071, December, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Instructions to get the organelles of prokaryotic and microbial eukaryotic cells

Fashiola Olamide Martins

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ambrose Ali University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.

Email: [email protected]

Accepted 21 November, 2014

Abstract

An organelle is a specialized functional subunit within cells carrying out specific functions. These compartments which may or may not be enclosed in a lipid bilayer are found in microorganisms. While those found in eukaryotic cells are usually enclosed in lipid bilayer, those in prokaryotes don’t. All microbes have compartments common to them like the nucleic acids, protein, ribosomes as well as unique intracellular structures found only in microbial subgroups. Such compartments include the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus amongst others unique to all eukaryotic cells only. Prokaryotes contain some micro-compartments unique to them including the carboxysomes, lipid bodies, polyhydroxybutyrate granules. The right choice of cell disruption methods that limit damage to the compartments is important in achieving successful compartment isolation and purification. Commonly applied methods include sonication, enzymatic lysis, detergent lysis, cavitation amongst others depending on the type of cells involved. Fractionation is the commonly utilized method for isolation and purification of organelles, utilizing ultracentrifugation and techniques that exploits size, density and surface charge variations of protoplasmic content. Such techniques include gradient centrifugation methods, use of beads, affinity purification chromatography methods and electrophoresis. Here, we review the compartments in microbial cells and the techniques employed to isolate and purify these intracellular components.

Key words: cell disruption, purification, prokaryote, eukaryote, functional unit.

African Journal of DNA and Cell Biology Vol.  1 (3) pp. 055-057, December, 2014.  © International Scholars Journals

Review

Advances in DNA sequencing: Challenges and confinements of individual sequencing

*Amitabh V. Bihari, Vijay Hamid Mittal and Vishnu Gobind

Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.

E-mail: [email protected] 

Accepted 04 November, 2014

Abstract 

The advent of second and third generation DNA sequencing techniqnologies have revolutionized the genomics research. The Single Molecule Sequencing technologies are adequate to minimize occurrence of errors in sequencing. The third generation sequencing technologies could overcome limitations of first and second-generation sequencing technologies. The almost complete human genome sequencing was performed by using single molecular sequencing technologies. Benefits, risks and safeguards associated with the disclosure of information of very intimate kind contained in human genome, were also discussed. The power of whole sequencing for human welfare arises only from associations with medical histories, behavioral characteristics, physical descriptions and genome-environment interactions not from mere knowledge of base pairs. 

Key words: DNA sequencing, medical histories, behavioral characteristics, physical descriptions.

African Journal of DNA and Cell Biology Vol.  1 (2) pp. 043-054, November, 2014.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

Evaluation of hereditary variety in Berberis lycium Royle complex using RAPD markers

*Amitabh V. Bihari, Vijay Hamid Mittal and Vishnu Gobind

Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 25 October, 2015

Abstract 

Genomic diversity among fifty accessions of Berberis lycium Royle complex was studied, using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Out of 80 RAPD primers, 28 were polymorphic and showed reproducible results. Total of 11,683 amplicon generated 50 accessions of B. lycium complex with 28 primers. 332 amplification products scored, 284 (85%) were polymorphic and 48 monomorphic. Maximum numbers of 21 amplification products were obtained with primers OPAP-3 and 20 products with OPB-4. Average number of 11.5 bands obtained per primer and amplificon size ranged from 100 to 4, 500 bp and after study, no primer gave single band among all accessions. Polymorphic Information Contents (PIC) ranged from 0.013 to 0.52 with an average of 0.12. Dendrogram grouped all the accessions into five major groups. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was also supporting result obtained by dendogram. Present study is not supporting previous taxonomic classification of B.lycium Royle complex (based on morphological characters) but showed large diversity among them.

Key words: Berberis lycium Royle complex, inter-varietal-relationship, RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA), principle component analysis.

African Journal of DNA and Cell Biology Vol.  1 (2) pp. 037-042, November, 2014.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Circulation of random improved polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variation among eggplant Solanum L. in Southwest Nigeria

Oguname E. Wellington

Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Email: [email protected] 

Accepted 15 October, 2014

Abstract 

Solanum L., the largest genus of the  Solanaceae  family, vary morphologically, is diverse in number and is ecogeographically distributed. In Nigeria, previous studies had focused mainly on chromosome morphology, genome description and medicinal values, which are insufficient for genetic affinities. This study used four highly polymorphic random amplified polymorphic DNA primers to describe both the genetic relatedness and variability among 25 accessions of eggplant from Southwestern Nigeria. At a truncated line of 65%, five clusters and two ungrouped samples are distinguishable from the dendrogram. The data reveals that Solanum dasyphyllum Schum. & Thonn. is more closely related to Solanum macrocarpon L. than to Solanum melongena L. The relatedness between Solanum incanum L. and Solanum melongena, a probability of being progenitors from a common ancestral lineage was also shown. Occurrence of Solanum scabrum L. and Solanum nigrum L. in the same clusters different from S. melongena, is an indication of distant relatedness to S. melongena but close relatedness between them. High level of polymorphism was observed in this study going by the coefficient of variation which exhibited a good separation from a conserved region of the genome. This study, therefore, reveals a wide and diverse genetic base in Nigerian eggplant Solanum.

Key words: Eggplant, genome, synonymy, polymorphism, phylogenetic.

African Journal of DNA and Cell Biology Vol.  1 (2) pp. 027-036, November, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Review

DNA biochips and their functions in medical microbiology

Ememeji O. Darlington

Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Ambrose Ali University,Ekpoma, Nigeria.

Email:[email protected]

Accepted 2 October, 2014

Abstract 

Rapid diagnosis and treatment of disease is often based on the identification and characterization of causative agents derived from phenotypic characteristics. This can be laborious and time consuming, often requiring many skilled personnel and a large amount of lab space. However, the introduction of nucleic acid amplification techniques into molecular biology has transformed the laboratory detection of pathogens. The progression of the molecular diagnostic revolution currently relies on the ability to efficiently and accurately offer multiplex detection and characterization for a variety of infectious disease pathogens. DNA microarray analysis has the capability to offer robust multiplex detection. Multiple microarray platforms exist, including printed double-stranded DNA and oligonucleotide arrays, in situ-synthesized arrays, high-density bead arrays, electronic microarrays, and suspension bead arrays. The aim of this paper was to review DNA microarray technology, highlighting two major types: the oligonucleotide-based array and the PCR product-based array. Although, the use of microarrays to generate gene expression data has become routine, applications pertinent to microbiology continue to rapidly expand. This review highlights uses of microarray technology that impact diagnostic microbiology, including the detection and identification of pathogens, determination of antimicrobial resistance, epidemiological strain typing, and determination of virulence factors.

Key words: DNA microarray, applications, microbiology.