African Journal of Agriculture and Food Security

ISSN 2375-1177

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief

Dr. Alaa Kareem

Ph.D. Biotechnology,

Dept: Food Sci.,College: Agriculture

Basrah University, Basrah,

Iraq.

Editorial Board Member

Dr. N. Karunakaran

Head of the PG Department of Applied Economics

Kannur University, Government of Kerala,

India.

Dr. ANGREJ ALI

PhD Horticulture

Assistant Professor

Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture,

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of

Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore-193201 (J&K)

India.

Dr. Philippe Sessou

Laboratory of Research in Applied Biology

Laboratory of Study and Research in Applied Chemistry

Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi (EPAC)

University of Abomey-Calavi

Benin.

Dr. D.A NAKAMURA

Deputy Director

International Affairs Department

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF)

1-2-1 Kasumigaseki chiyoda-ku

Tokyo

Japan.

Dr. M.S OOTSUKA

Deputy Director

Food Security Division

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF)

Japan.

Dr. R.A KUSSAINOV

Deputy General Director

CEPAS

36 Kenesary Street

010000 Astana

Kazakhstan

Dr. D.S SATTYBAYEVA

Head of Investment

Division Investment Policy Department

Ministry of Agriculture of Kazakhstan,

Kazakhstan.

Dr. J.K RUEDA

Minister-Counsellor

Permanent Delegation

Embassy of Mexico

94, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt

1050 Brussels

Belgium.

Dr. L.S GANQIONG

Research Assistant

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

No.12 South Street, Zhongguancun,

Haidian District

100081 Beijing

China.

Dr. X.I SHIWEI

Director General

Agricultural Information Institute of Chinese Academy of

Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)

No. 12 South Street, Zhongguancun, Haidan District

100081 Beiing

China.

Dr. S.O EROKHINA

Specialist

Division of International Organizations of the Department of

International Cooperation

Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation,

Russia.

Dr. M.U ORLOV

Director

Department for the regulation

of the Agrifood market, fisheries

and food processing industry

Saudi Arabia.

Dr. M.A AL-GHAMDI

Director

Department of Statistic

Ministry of Agriculture

11195 Riyadh,

Saudi Arabia.

Dr. M.N MAMABOLO

Marketing Director

Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

701 Sefala Building,

Corner Steve Biko & Belvedere Streets

Arcadia, Pretoria

0007 Arcadia, Pretoria

South Africa

Dr. D.E MOSESE

Directorate: Marketing

Department of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries

Private Bag X 15

0007 Arcadia

South Africa.

Dr. J.A MARCOS

Deputy Assistant Director

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food

Madrid,

Spain.

Dr. R.A GARRIDO

Deputy Head

Ministry of Agriculture, Food and the Environment

Madrid,

Spain.

Dr. M.A DEMIRTAS

Head

Agricultural Economics and Policy Research Department

Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock

Ankara,

Turkey

Dr. Y.O CHEREVYCHNYY

Head,

Department of Economic Development of Agricultural Market

Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine

24 Khreshchatyk Street

01001 Kyiv,

Ukraine.

Dr. O.S KARPENKO

Senior Specialist

Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine

24 Khreshchatyk Street

01001 Kyiv

Ukraine.

Dr. M.S LACUNZA

Economic Advisor

Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs

1B Nobel House,

17 Smith Square

SW1P 3JR London

United Kingdom

Dr. J.K GLAUBER

Chief Economist

US Department of Agriculture

1400 Independence Avenue, SW

20250 Washington

United States.

Dr. D.L HEGWOOD

Senior Food Security Advisor

Bureau of Food Security

U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)

1300 Pennsylvania Ave., NW

20523 Washington, DC

United States.

Dr. V.C Nguyen  

Director General

Center for Informatics and Statistics

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

No2 Ngoc Ha street

Hanoi,

Viet Nam.

Dr. M.E TORERO

Director

Markets, Trade, and Institutions Division

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

2033 K St., NW

20006 Washington, D.C.

United States.

Dr. E.E VARFI

Director

Ministry of agriculture,

agrifood and Forestry

France.

Dr. V.S VION

Head of the Office of Development and organizations

International Relations

Ministry of Agriculture,

the Food Processing Industry and Forestry,

Paris,

France.

Dr. V.A APPEL

Head of Division

Economic analysis, statistics

Federal Ministry of Consumer Protection,

Food and Agriculture

Rochusstrasse 1

D-53123 Bonn

Germany

Dr. C.S PRINZ

Plant Products Specialist

Federal Ministry of Food,

Agriculture and Consumer Protection

(BMELV)

Rochusstraße 1, 53123 Bonn

53123 Bonn

Germany

Dr. B.A GANGAIAH

Department of Agriculture and Cooperation

Ministry of Agriculture

Adviser Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of

Agriculture

Krishi Bhawan

110011 New Delhi

India.

Dr. D.J NKURUNZIZA

Chief, Commodity Research and Analysis Section,

Special Unit on Commodities

United Nations - Conference on Trade and Development

(UNCTAD)

Palais des Nations, 8-14 Avenue de la Paix CH-1211 Genève,

Switzerland.

Dr. A.A ABBASSIAN

AMIS Secretary

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Viale delle Terme di Caracalla

Rome

Italy.

Dr. C.P CALPE

Senior Economist

Commodity Markets, Policy Analysis and Projections Service

FAO

Room D-803

Viale delle Terme di Caracalla

00100 Rome

Italy.

Dr. D.U DRECHSLER

AMIS Project Manager

Economic and Social Development

United Nations - Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)

Viale delle Terme di Caracalla

Lazio

00153 Rome

Italy.

  Editors
 
Department of Soil Science & Resource Conservation
Faculty of Agriculture
The National University of Lesotho
Lesotho.
 
 
Prof. Ji-Hong Liu 
College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences 
National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement 
Huazhong Agricultural University 
Wuhan, 
China.
 
 
Dr. Anil Vyas 
Microbial Biotechnology and Biofertilizer Laboratory
Department of Botany
J.N. Vyas University
Jodhpur,
India.
 
Dr. Meltem Sesli
College of Tobacco Expertise
Celal Bayar University
Akhisar,
Turkey. 
 
 
Editorial Board Members
 
Dr. Kamal Ghasemi Bezdi
Cotton Research Institute
Gorgan,
Iran. 
 
Prof. Mohamed Fouad M. Abdalla
Vegetable Science Division
Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut University 
Assiut, 
Egypt. 
 
Dr. Guy L. Plourde
Departement of Chemistry
The University of Northern BC,
Prince George, BC
Canada.  
 
Prof. Shao Hongbo
Institute of Life Sciences
Qingdao University of Science & Technology
China.
 
Dr. Hossein Aliabadi Farahani
Islamic Azad University
Shahriar,
Iran.  
 
Dr. Henry de-Graft Acquah
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension
School of Agriculture 
University of Cape Coast 
Cape Coast,
Ghana.    
 
Dr. Shi Lei 
College of Life Science 
Qufu Normal University 
Shandong Province 
China.
 
Dr. Johnson Toyin Fasinmirin
Federal University of Technology 
Akure,
Nigeria.
 
Dr. Selene Aguilera
Centro De Investigacion Y De estudios Avanzados Del 
I.P.N. Unidad Irapuato (Cinvestav-Unidad Irapuato) 
Mexico.
 
Dr. Shaid Javed Butt 
MAS-Arid Agriculture University
Rawalpindi,
Pakistan.
 
Dr. Birinchi Kumar Sarma 
Institute of Agricultural Sciences 
Banaras Hindu University 
Varanasi, 
India. 
 
Dr. R. Khalid Hussain 
Shakarganj Sugar Research Institute 
Jhang,
Pakistan.
 
Dr. Taiga Akpovughaye
Department of Biological Sciences
Kogi State university
Anyigba,
Nigeria.
 
Prof. Alex C. Chindah
Institute of Pollution Studies 
University of Science and Technology Nkpolu-Oroworukwo 
Port Harcourt,
Nigeria.
 
Dr. Ömür Baysal
West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute (BATEM)
Antalya,
Turkey. 
 
Dr. Aditya Garg Pratap
Indian Institute of Pulses Research (ICAR)
Kanpur,
India.  
 
Dr. Syed Zia ul Hussnain
Plant Bacteriology and Plant Pathologist 
Shakarganj Sugar Research Institute
Jhang,
Pakistan.
 
Dr. J. Francis Borgio
Department of Microbiology 
St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous) 
Bangalore,
India.
 
Dr. Radhakrishnan Senthilkumar
Center for Research and PG Studies 
Indian Acdaemy Degree College 
Bangalore,
India.
 
Dr. Ali Abdullah Alderfasi 
King Saud University 
College of Food and Agricultural Science
Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia. 
 
Dr. Munazza Gull 
Biochemistry Department,
Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University,
Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
 
 
Dr. Maurizio Mulas
Department of Agriculture,
University of Sassari,
Italy.