ISSN 2756-326X
Review
Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 6 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Ethno-veterinary health management practices amongst livestock producers in Africa – A review
Kubkomawa, H. I.1*, Nafarnda, D. W.2, Adamu, S. M.1, Tizhe, M. A.1, Daniel, T. K.1, Shua, N. J.1, Ugwu, C. C.3, Opara, M. N.3, Neils, J. S.4 and Okoli, I. C.3
1Department of Animal Production and Health, the Federal Polytechnic, P. M. B. 35, Mubi. Adamawa State, Nigeria.
2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Abuja, Nigeria.
3Dept. of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, P. M. B.1526, Imo State, Nigeria.
4Department of Animal Production, Adamawa State University, P.M.B. 25 Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria.
Accepted 16 August, 2019
Abstract
The objective of this review paper is to highlight the ethno-veterinary health management practices found amongst livestock producers in Africa. It is to also help livestock agents and farmers to integrate and promote the use of ethno-veterinary medicine in animal health care, focusing on livestock diseases and parasites in Africa. Plants are the most commonly used ingredients in the preparation of ethno-veterinary medicines. All plant parts, including leaves, bark, fruits, flowers, seeds and roots are used in medicinal preparations. Edible earth from termite and anthills is also used in ethno-veterinary preparations. Limestone and minerals are commonly used in decoctions and concoctions. Part sand products of animals, such as skin sand hides, bones, milk, butter, castor oil, cod liver oil, fish oil, snake oil and even urine and dung are ingredients of ethno-veterinary medicines. Honey, vegetable oils, butter and salt are used for their healing and preservative properties. Spiritual forces maybe invoked by prayers during rituals. Rituals are important in the interaction between African livestock keepers and their animals. To ensure that the herd thrives, animal husbandry is strictly ritualized. Many different rituals are performed, such as invoking the gods through dance or the sacrifice of an animal. Other rituals involve writing a phrase from the Koranona slate and washing it in a calabash. The liquid is then used to drench the sick animal. Ritual incantations and prayers are sometimes connected with particular plants and special ingredients. To keep animals healthy, traditional healing practices have been applied for centuries and have been passed down orally from generation to generation. Before the introduction of western medicine, all livestock keepers relied on these traditional practices. Ethno-veterinary medicine is accessible, easy to prepare and administer, cheaper and forms part of our traditional culture. It is a good attempt on traditional African practices of treatment of animal diseases and parasites. However, we can skip those which are harmful methods like hot iron branding; snake oil leading to killing or loss of snakes and also be discouraged. Researchers, healers and livestock keepers can together experiment the practices / evaluate them after careful selection of few best practices and test them at field level and then disseminate with more confidence. Extracting roots or barks of trees /plants can also be discouraged to preserve the wealth of plants or only sustainable harvesting practiced. This approach will prevent loss of knowledge on EVM and promote low cost solutions locally.
Key words: Ethno-veterinary, ritual, livestock health management, Africa.
Adamu , Tizhe , D. W., J. S and Okoli, I. C, Ugwu , S. M, M. N, T. K., H. I.*, Shua , C. C., Neils , N. J., Nafarnda , Kubkomawa , Daniel , Opara , M. A
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/AAAS/1084Research Article
Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 5 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Analysis of biogas production in Turkey utilising three different materials and two scenarios
Yahya Ulusoy1*, A. Hilal Ulukarde ler1, Halil Ünal2 and Kamil Aliba2
1Uluda University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Agricultural Machinery Program, Turkey.
2Uluda University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery, 16059, Bursa, Turkey.
Accepted 08 September, 2018
Abstract
It is a reality for many developing countries, such as Turkey, that a lack of comprehensive evaluation of agricultural and animal potentials can prevent these sectors from becoming optimised to its maximum economical efficiency. Very high input costs, especially for fuel, fertiliser and electricity, result in decreased production; in combination with increased production costs, these are typical reasons for lack of market expansion, with neither the agricultural sector nor the agricultural industry functioning efficiently. Therefore, utilisation of agricultural and animal wastes and biogas, obtained from fermentation of organic fertiliser, has great future potential, as removal of these substances can otherwise be a serious problem. In this study, we evaluated two different scenarios for biogas and energy production in Turkey: the utilisation of waste from tomato and pea paste production and the utilisation of cattle manure.
Key words: Biogas, agricultural waste, animal waste, tomato waste, pea waste.
A. Hilal Ulukarde ler, Yahya Ulusoy*, Halil Ãœnal and Kamil Aliba
Page: 1 - 8
https://doi.org/10.46882/AAAS/1083Review
Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 5 (1), pp. 001-010, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Integrating Africa to global economy: Seeking a trilateral partnership of Sino-US and European Union
Dibah James Bala* and Wencong Lu
Center for Agriculture and Rural Development (CARD) Zhejiang University, Hua-jia-chi Campus, Hangzhou 310029 China.
Accepted 29 September, 2018
Abstract
This paper looks at the emerging presence of China in Africa along the parallel presence of U.S for raw materials and energy. While China’s presence has been perceived in the west as colonizing Africa that of America is suspicious, even though their quests and strategies are at variance, U.S preaches “good governance with responsibility”, transparency and accountability, China prefers the “soft power” and non-interference. At official levels, there is no “cold war’’ the mutual suspicions, is likely to endanger the sustainability of such resources, thus there is need for a collaboration in partnership between China, the U.S and the European Union, using Africa’s Road Map for economic integration, especially effective use of oil revenues and agricultural reforms and trade liberalization for economic integration for the mutual benefits Africa and the partners. This would present formidable opportunities and challenges that would profoundly alter the process of economic growth of the continent.
Keywords: Economic integration, the continent, “soft power”, responsible governance, production and consumption patterns.
Wencong Lu, Dibah James Bala*
Page: 1 - 10
https://doi.org/10.46882/AAAS/1082Short Communication
Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 5 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communications
Yield performance of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst cultivation on substrates containing different protein and carbohydrate sources
E.Iclal Erkel
Kocaeli University, Arslanbey Agricultural Vocational School, Kocaeli-Turkey. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 22 October, 2018
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dosages of molasses as a carbohydrate source and corn-gluten meal as a protein source on the yield of Ganoderma lucidum and to improve yield on solid state medium. Three dosages (1, 2 and 3%) of gluten meal or molasses were added to sawdust and bran based medium. Results showed that yield was increased significantly when 1% molasses and gluten meal were added to substrate media. Molasses was found to be the best supplement as a carbohydrate source compared to gluten which is rich in protein.
Key words: Ganoderma lucidum, Reishi, cultivation, molasses, gluten, substrate, yield
E.Iclal Erkel
Page: 1 - 3
https://doi.org/10.46882/AAAS/1081Research Article
Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 5 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth and the development of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
S. Boureima1, M. Diouf1, T.A Diop2*, M. Diatta1, E. M. Leye2, F. Ndiaye2 and D. Seck1
1Centre d’Etude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, B.P. 3320, Thiès, Sénégal.
2Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Champignons, Département de Biologie végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, B.P. 5005, Dakar, Sénégal.
Accepted 12 September, 2018
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L) has recently been introduced into cropping system in Senegal in the context of crop diversification and poverty alleviation. A pot experiment was conducted to study the response of sesame plants to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse in a complete randomized block with two factors, the variety on 3 levels (32-15, Jaalgon 128 and 38-1-7) and the inoculation on 4 levels of Glomus spp isolates. The results indicate that inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi significantly increases leaf number and leaf area of Sesamum. The leaf area increased by 136% at the plants inoculated with Glomus fasciculatum and number of leaves by 70% at the plants inoculated with Glomus mosseae. Moreover, inoculation improved the root system by increasing volume and dry weight of roots. The isolate Glomus intraradices increased root volume of Jaalgon 128 by 233%. At the 32-15 associated Glomus mosseae one recorded an increase of 115%.
Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizae, growth, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.).
F. Ndiaye and D. Seck, M. Diouf, S. Boureima, M. Diatta, E. M. Leye, T.A Diop*
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/AAAS/1080Research Article
Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 5 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of the efficacy of two isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae isolated from different geographical areas
Makaka, Caston
Department of Biological Sciences, Midlands State University, Bag 9055. Gweru, Zimbabwe. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]. Tel: 263 054260490 ext 340. Fax: 263 054 60708.
Accepted 23 November, 2018
Abstract
The efficacies of two isolates of M. anisopliae were evaluated against black maize beetle Heteronychus licas in the laboratory at 15 and 28oC and relative humidity of 55 - 70% at the University of Zimbabwe in 2000. The beetles were exposed to the fungus that was suspended either in oil and in water at concentrations ranging from 1.4x104 - 1.4x108 conidia/ml. Mortality was observed in all concentrations and mortality increased with increase in conidia concentration. Fungal infection reduced feeding activity in beetles with most deaths occurring on the soil surface. Conidia concentration, isolate, type of medium, the interaction between temperature and medium and the interaction between isolate and medium had marked effects on beetle mortality (p < 0.05). The oil formulations were in general more effective than the water formulations. The most potent treatment at 15oC was the oil suspension of isolate IMI098376 (LC50 = 4.47x104 conidia/ml) with an LT50 at the lowest concentration (1.4x104conidia/ml) of 13.3 weeks and earliest mortality at highest and lowest concentration occurring in 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. At 28oC the most potent treatment was the oil formulation of IMI098376 (LC50 = 3.10x104 conidia/ml) with an LT50 at the lowest concentration of 13.3 weeks and the earliest mortality at highest and lowest concentration occurring in 4 and 5 weeks, respectively. Field trails using the oil formulations are recommended.
Key words: Formulation, media, mortality, potent, efficacy, lethal concentration, biocontrol.
Caston , Makaka
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https://doi.org/10.46882/AAAS/1077