International Journal of Technology and Innovation

International Research Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.  1 (2) pp. 031-045, December, 2013.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Impact of injection timings on execution and discharges of a biodiesel motor worked on mixes of Honge methyl ester and expectation utilizing manufactured neural system

Khan L. Shankar, V.E Amitabh and C. H Rajaskan*

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.

E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 17 November, 2013

Abstract 

In the present work, biodiesel prepared from Honge oil (Pongamia) was used as a fuel in C. I engine. Performance studies were conducted on a single cylinder four-stroke water-cooled compression ignition engine connected to an eddy current dynamometer. Experiments were conducted for different percentage of blends of Honge methyl ester with diesel at various compression ratios and at different injection timings. Experimental investigation on the Performance parameters and Exhaust emissions from the engine were done. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to predict the engine performance and emission characteristics of the engine. Separate models were developed for performance parameters as well as emission characteristics. To train the network compression ratio, blend percentage, percentage load and injection timings were used as the input variables whereas engine performance parameters and engine exhaust emissions were used as the output variables. Experimental results were used to train ANN. Results showed good correlation between the ANN predicted values and the desired values for various engine performance values and the exhaust emissions. Mean relative error values were less than 10 percent which is acceptable.

Key words: Honge methyl ester, transesterification, emissions, epochs, artificial neural network.

International Research Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.  1 (2) pp. 028-030, December, 2013.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Impact of bovine compost Variety on biogas generation

*Nnamdi Micheal, Chuwendo Ebuka and Ezeani V. Okonkwo

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 04 November, 2013

Abstract 

Biogas is a renewable, alternative and sustainable form of energy from the action of bacteria when waste vegetable matter, organic waste and some industrial waste are fermented in the absence of oxygen. This study was conducted to find the effect of cow dung variety on biogas generation. Some samples of fresh cow dung (2 Kg for each breed of cow) of cows which were not exposed to treatment with anti-biotics for some weeks, were collected from Sobere Farms and mixed with water in ratio of 1:1 volume and the mixture was loaded into a bio-reactor to ferment. The Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) was 9 to 14 days. The reduction in retention time was achieved by adding human excreta and urine into the digester to increase micro-organism and pathogenic activities. The biogas obtained after 11 days was gathered and analyzed in a 250-Gas Chromatograph and Integrator. The results showed the percentages and calculated energies (calorific values) of biogas from the cow dung of four (4) selected varieties of cows, namely, Holstein Friesian, Simmental, White Fulani and Jersey, which were fed with concentrates in equal proportions and at the same time for some weeks. The Holstein cow has methane (CH₄)_, (84.916%) and 196.199 cal/m³ of energy, Jersey cow (69.233%) and 159.963 cal/m³ of energy, (60.459%) and 149.235 cal/m³ of energy for Simmental cow and White Fulani cow has (85.331%) with 197.157 cal/m³ of energy respectively. The results indicate that the White Fulani cow has the higher quantity of combustion energy than the other breeds of cows.

Key words: Effect, White Fulani, Holstein, Jersey, Simmental, biogas, percentages, cow dung.

International Research Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.  1 (1) pp. 016-027, November, 2013.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Impacts of fuel infusion discharge curve and injection pressure on overhauling power and burning parameters in substantial obligation (HD) diesel motor with computational liquid dynamics (CFD) reenactment

*Bahar Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, Iran.

Email: [email protected]

Accepted 29 September, 2013

Abstract 

In this study, the effects of fuel injection discharge curve and injection pressure onpower upgrade of heavy-duty diesel engine by simulation of combustion process in AVL-Fire software are discussed simultaneously. Hence, the fuel injection discharge curve is changed from semi-triangular to rectangular which is usual in common rail fuel injection system. Injection pressure with respect to amount of injected fuel and nozzle hole diameter are changed. Injection pressure is calculated by an experimental equation which is developed for heavy duty diesel engines with common rail fuel injection system. Power upgrade for 1000 and 2000 bar injection pressures are discussed. For 1000 bar injection pressure with 188 mg injected fuel and 3 mm nozzle hole diameter, power is upgraded about 19% in comparison to original state which is semi-triangular discharge curve with 139 mg injected fuel and 3 mm nozzle hole diameter, with no special change in cylinder pressure. On the other hand, both the NO_X and the Soot emissions decreased about 30 and 6%, respectively. Compared with the original state, in the case of 2000 bar injection pressure, with injected fuel and nozzle diameter, 196 mg and 2.6 mm respectively, the power is upgraded about 22%, whereas cylinder pressure has been fixed, and the NO_X and the Soot emissions are decreased to 36 and 20%, respectively.

Key words: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, heavy-duty (HD) diesel engine, upgrading power, injection pressure, fuel injection discharge curve, combustion process.

International Research Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.  1 (1) pp. 009-015, November, 2013. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Organization of an air quality monitoring model for dust-free rooms using the control chart techniques

*Cheng Ken Yang, Rainie E. Chou and Richie Shui-bian

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.

Email: [email protected]

Accepted 15 October, 2013

Abstract 

Recently, high-tech industries such as semiconductor, aerospace, optoelectronics, precision manufacturing precision required for its products increasingly stringent and dust-free rooms operating environment of various pollutants control requirements are also increasing. Accuracy ventilation in dust-free room is related to the experimental results, proper ventilation can help reduce levels of pollution particles inside the laboratory. In addition to particle pollution exclusion, the pollution particles into the switch through the door, whether we can be inhibited by different ventilation position pollution particles into the lab, then laboratory ventilation should be a priority. Laboratory common sources of pollution, tiny particles such as micro-electromechanical laboratory processes generated by the air conditioning ventilation equipment into dust, biological experiments may leak off bacteria, these contaminated dust particles and bacteria accumulate even off the air in the operating environment, some will direct the human body after inhalation injury, and can cause damage and affect the accuracy of the experimental laboratory equipment.

Key word: Dust-free room, pollution particles, ventilation equipment.

International Research Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.  1 (1) pp. 001-008, November, 2013. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Dynamic examination of the impact of fiber introduction in composite overlaid plates

*Alberto Ramos Antonell, Lazaro R. Lutz and Wanderlei Barbosa

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, Brazil.

Email: [email protected]

Accepted 1 September, 2013.

Abstract 

This paper evaluates numerically the dynamic behavior of structural composite laminate materials in relation to the angular change in fiber layers of the laminated composite. The behavior of the material is modeled through finite element method, where the First Order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) is used which is implemented on a rectangular element serendipity containing eight nodes. The mathematical modeling has been implemented using the commercial available software MATLAB®. Through numerical simulations, it will be possible to obtain the natural frequencies. And we will present a sensitivity analysis with respect to the fiber orientation parameter.

Key words: Dynamic behavior, composite laminated plates, First Order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT), fiber orientation parameter.