Research Article
International Research Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol. 2 (9) pp. 223-235, September, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Analysis Holistic design and software aided finite element of an All-Terrain Vehicle
*Guru Shankar, Ram R. Raj and Mohan E. T
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Technical Education, University of Kota, Kota India.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 21 August, 2014
Abstract
We have tried to design an All-Terrain Vehicle that meets international standards and is also cost effective at the same time. We have focused on every single system to improve the performance of each component. Our vehicle can navigate through almost all terrain, which ultimately is the objective behind the making of any All-Terrain Vehicle. We began the task of designing by conducting extensive research of each main component of the vehicle. We did not want to design certain areas such as the frame, and then make the rest to fit. We considered each component to be significant, and thereby designed the vehicle as a whole trying to optimize each component while constantly considering how other components would be affected. This forced us to think outside the box, research more thoroughly, and redesign components along the way in order to have a successful design. Combining this design methodology with the standard engineering design process enabled us to achieve a perfect match of aesthetics, performance, and ease of operation. Our current design is reliable and stable. Extensive research helped us pinpoint the needs of the customers which helped us to refine our design further. We used the necessary parameters to create a Qualitative Function Diagram (QFD) to determine which parameters were the most critical. These key parameters ranging from most critical to least critical are safety, reliability, low cost, ease of operation and maintenance, and overall performance.
Key words: Power train, final-drive, rack and pinion, suspension, brakes, roll cage, double Wishbone suspension.
Ram R. Raj and Mohan E. T, *Guru Shankar
Page: 223 - 235
Research Article
International Research Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol. 2 (9) pp. 217-222, September, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Analysis on the characteristic of AA6082 flow formed tubes
*Guru Shankar, Ram R. Raj and Mohan E. T
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Technical Education, University of Kota, Kota India.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 12 August, 2014
Abstract
Flow-forming is an innovative, chip less metal forming process used to manufacture thin walled seamless tubes and other axi-symmetric components. Experiments were conducted to form annealed AA6082 alloy tubular pre-forms into thin walled seamless tubes on CNC flow forming machine with a single roller. The process parameters selected for the present investigation are roller radius, mandrel speed, roller feed, thickness reduction, etc. The characteristics of flow formed tube chosen are ovality, mean diameter, thickness variation, surface finish, etc. The effects of these process parameters on the dimensional characteristics and surface quality of flow formed tubes have been studied. The optimum process parameters are proposed to manufacture the tubes with good dimensional characteristics and sound surface quality. It has been found that, roller radius of 4 to 8 mm, thickness reduction ranging from 30 to 35%, mandrel speed of 150 rpm and roller feed in the range of 100 to 130 mm/min formed the tubes with sound characteristics.
Key words: Flow-forming, AA6082 alloy, ovality, mean diameter, surface quality.
Ram R. Raj and Mohan E. T, *Guru Shankar
Research Article
International Research Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol. 2 (8) pp. 211-216, August, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Experimental Analysis on surface and sub surface imperfection through magnetic atom crack discovery for nonlinear dynamic model of some mining machinery
*Guru Shankar, Ram R. Raj and Mohan E. T
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Technical Education, University of Kota, Kota India.
Accepted 27 July, 2014
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
This paper reviews magnetic particle crack detection (MPCD) in terms of principle, advantages, disadvantages and limitations. Different mine gear components are evaluated through MPCD technique and results are analyzed in terms of their suitability by applying acceptance/rejection norms followed by the mining industry in India. MPCD is now a widely acceptable technique in the world and has simplified inspection processes, leading to significant cost reductions and quality control enhancement and confidence. It has great value in revealing surface flaws in magnetic materials such as mild and alloy steels, cast iron, etc. Not only will the technique reveal surface defects that are not visible to the naked eye, it also facilitates the detection of cracks that would, under normal circumstances, only be found by close and tedious examination of the surface. On the basis of this study, it can be concluded that MPCD evaluation must be conducted on manufactured equipment prior to use, so that failure of equipment in stipulated time could be prevented. It is also suggested that condition of vital components must be subjected to their condition monitoring at certain interval.
Key words: Magnetic particle crack detection, material defects, surface imperfection, non-destructive evaluation, quality assessment, mine gear components.
Ram R. Raj and Mohan E. T, *Guru Shankar
Page: 211 - 216
Research Article
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of Hall currents and slip condition on stable flow of a viscous fluid due to non-coaxial rotation of a porous disk and a fluid at infinity
*Atal V. Suman, Akshay E. B and Ravi Gobind Maurya
Department of Applied Mathematics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 10 July, 2014
Abstract
Hall effects on the steady hydromagnetic flow due to non-coaxial rotations of a porous disk and a fluid at infinity with slip condition at the boundary has been studied. An exact solution of the governing equations has been obtained. The combined effects of Hall current, slip condition and suction or blowing are examined. It is found that both the primary velocity and the secondary velocity decrease with increase in Hall parameter. The heat transfer characteristic has also been studied on taking viscous and Joule dissipation into account. It is found that the critical Eckert number for which there is no flow of heat either from the disk to the fluid or from the fluid to the disk increases with increase in either Hall parameter or slip parameter.
Key words: Hall effects, slip condition, non-coaxial, heat transfer, porous disk and critical Eckert number.
*Atal V. Suman, Akshay E. B and Ravi Gobind Maurya
Page: 202 - 210
Research Article
International Research Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol. 2 (7) pp. 191-201, July, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Convection flow of second grade fluid with uneven heat flux past an upright stretching flat surface
*Nassar Al-Sudais, Habib Al Qasabi and Abdulrahman Affan
Department of Mathematics, Umm al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 23 June, 2014
Abstract
In the present investigation, a numerical study of the flow and heat transfer analysis of viscoelastic second grade fluid due to heated, continuous stretching of a vertical sheet has been carried out. The stretching velocity is assumed to vary linearly with the distance measured from the leading edge. The surface heat flux is assumed to be varied in power of distance measured from the leading edge. The governing differential equations are transformed by introducing proper non-similarity variables and solved numerically using two different methods, namely, the local non-similarity method with second level of truncation and the implicit finite difference method for values of ξ (=Grx/Rex2) ranging from 0 to 10. The comparisons of the results obtained by the aforementioned methods are found in excellent agreement. Effects of the viscoelastic parameter, λ (Deborah number) on the skin-friction and the heat transfer coefficients have been shown graphically for the fluid with Prandtl number equal to 0.7, 7.03 and 15.0.
Key words: Mixed convection, second grade fluid, stretching flat surface, variable surface heat flux.
Habib Al Qasabi and Abdulrahman Affan, *Nassar Al-Sudais
Page: 191 - 201
Research Article
International Research Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol. 2 (6) pp. 174-190, July, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for ball end milling operation
*Roquia R. Zafar, Matia Karim and Kamal B. Rahman
Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 17 June, 2014
Abstract
Surface roughness is an index which determines the quality of machined products and is influenced by the cutting parameters. In this study, the average surface roughness Ra (value) for aluminum after ball end milling operation has been measured. 84 experiments have been conducted using varying cutter axis inclination angle (φ degree), spindle speed (S rpm), feed rate (fy mm/min), feed (fx mm), and depth of cut (t mm) in order to find Ra. This data has been divided into two sets on a random basis; 68 training data set and 16 testing data set. The training data set has been used to train different adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models for Ra prediction. And testing data set has been used to validate the models. Better ANFIS model has been selected based on the minimum value of root mean square error (RMSE) which is constructed with three Gaussian membership functions (gaussmf) for each input variables and linear membership function for output. The selected ANFIS model has been compared with theoretical model and response surface model (RSM). This comparison is done based on RMSE and absolute average percentage error. The comparison shows that the selected ANFIS model gives better result for training and testing data. So, this ANFIS model can be used further for predicting surface roughness of aluminum for ball end milling operation.
Key words: Ball end mill, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), roughness prediction.
*Roquia R. Zafar, Matia Karim and Kamal B. Rahman
Page: 174 - 190