ISSN 2756-3820
Research Article
International Journal of Medical Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 9 (8), pp. 001-005, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
Biochemical and histopathological changes in liver of albino rats fed diets incorporated with Vernonia amygdalina and Vernonia colorata leaves
Ijeh, Ifeoma Irene1* and Obidoa Onyechi2
1Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P. M. B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Accepted 21 June, 2020
Abstract
Vernonia amygdalina and Vernonia colorata are widely used in medicinal plant preparations in sub-saharan Africa. Certain dietary constituents can potentiate or reduce the potency of toxins such as AFB1. The effect of dietary incorporation of V. amygdalina and V. colorata on some biochemical and histopathological indices in albino rats was studied. V. amygdalina and V. colorata were incorporated into diets compounded to isocaloric and isonitrogenous and fed to mature male alimo rats administered 250 mg/kg Aflatoxin B1 over a 12 week period. Bioactivity studies using brine shrimp lethality test indicate that methanolic extracts of V. amygdalina. del and V. colorata had higher bioactivity (ED50 121. 47 g/mI and 761.8 g/mI respectively) than their aqueous extracts 819.5 and 1,999.85 g/mI respectively). Alanine amino transaminase (ALT) activity increased significantly (P 0.05) relative to control group (Gp1) in groups fed V. colorata with or without AFB1 treatment but showed no significant increase in groups fed V. amygdalina with or without AFB1. Treatment of V. colorata fed animals with AFB1 (Gp3) resulted in marked increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. Increase in Aspartate amino transaminase (AST) activities were not significantly different from those of animals fed only with V. colorata without AFB1 . Administration of AFB1 resulted in a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in groups fed V. colorata, but not in groups fed V. amygdalina. Groups fed V. amygdalina + AFB1 showed no significant changes in ALT and AST. These findings suggest that while the feeding of V. amygdalina may have hepatoprotective effects, the feeding of V. colorata may potentiate the toxic effects of toxins such as AFB1. Histopathological studies on the liver show that the feeding of the two vegetable had varieties affect by the liver in different ways.
Key words: Vernonia amygdalin, Vernonia colorata, AFB1, serum enzymes, bioactivity.
Ijeh , Ifeoma Irene* and Obidoa Onyechi
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
International Journal of Medical Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 9 (8), pp. 001-007, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Role of histamine H2 receptor agonist and antagonist on liver function impairment in immunized rabbits
Trivendra Tripathi1*, Mohammad Shahid2, Haris M. Khan2, Rahat Ali Khan3, Mashiatullah Siddiqui1, Abbas Ali Mahdi4 and Abida Malik2
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, UP, India.
2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, UP, India.
3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, UP, India.
4Department of Biochemistry, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, UP, Lucknow, India.
Accepted 17 May, 2020
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the functional role of histamine H2-receptors agonist and antagonist in the development of hepatic function impairment in immunized rabbits. The study comprised six groups containing 18 rabbits each. Groups III- VI received histamine (100 µg/kg, s.c.), H2R-agonist (amthamine, 10 µg/kg, s.c.), H2R-antagonist (ranitidine, 10 mg/kg, i.m.), and histamine (100 µg/kg, s.c.) plus H2R- antagonist (ranitidine, 10 mg/kg, i.m.), respectively, b.i.d. for 10 days. Group I (negative control) and Group II (positive control) received sterile distilled water intramuscularly b.i.d. for 10 days. Groups II-VI were immunized on day 3 with intravenous injection of sheep red blood cells (1 × 109 cells/ml). Blood samples were collected prior to immunization day 0, as well as on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 58 post-immunization. Biochemical parameters ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin were determined. On each experimental day, the mean values of serum enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) and bilirubin (TB, DB, and IB) in negative and positive controls showed no significant changes while in Group III (histamine), IV (amthamine), V (ranitidine), and VI (ranitidine+histamine), these enzymes and bilirubin levels showed significant changes (p < 0.05), when compared with their values within group. The levels of serum enzymes and bilirubin showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in the group of histamine, amthamine, ranitidine, and ranitidine+histamine on each experimental day, when compared with the corresponding values of each other, and also compared with the corresponding values of negative and positive controls. Histamine, amthamine, ranitidine, and combination of ranitidine+histamine cause liver function impairment in terms of altered serum enzymes and bilirubin levels.
Key words: Histamine, HTMT, agonist, antagonist, ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, rabbit.
Abbas Ali Mahdi and Abida Malik, Mashiatullah Siddiqui, Trivendra Tripathi*, Mohammad Shahid, Haris M. Khan, Rahat Ali Khan
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
International Journal of Medical Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 9 (8), pp. 001-011, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
Histopathologically documented gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus infection in immunosuppressed patients: Clinicopathologic analysis with serum quantitative PCR correlation
Roger Klein Moreira1*, Christine Norton2, Flavia Nunes Rosado3, Cynthia Cohen4 and Frederick Nolte5
1Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA.
2Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
3Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
4Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
5Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Accepted 12 February, 2020
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is associated with high mortality in immunosuppressed patients. Few studies have correlated serum viral load with histopathological findings in this setting. Gastrointestinal biopsies from 28 immunosuppressed patients showing CMV cytopathic effect were studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and IN SITU hybridization (ISH). Quantitative evaluation of CMV-infected cells was correlated with clinicopathologic data, including plasma PCR. 85.7% (24/28) of our patients had detectable viremia. Viral load did not correlate with concentration of CMV-infected cells in tissue, type of infected cell (endothelial, epithelial, smooth muscle, or stromal), microscopic mucosal ulceration, CMV inclusions in multiple sites within the GI tract, endoscopic findings, or presence of systemic symptoms. All PCR-negative cases (4/28) occurred in late onset CMV infection or disease. Most cases of biopsy-proven GI CMV infection and disease are associated with positive viremia by plasma PCR. We found no correlation between viral load and any of the clinicopathologic parameters analyzed in our study. Some cases of late-onset CMV infection and disease may have no detectable CMV viremia by PCR.
Key words: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, gastrointestinal.
Roger Klein Moreira*, Christine Norton, Flavia Nunes Rosado, Cynthia Cohen and Frederick Nolte
Page: 1 - 11
Research Article
International Journal of Medical Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 9 (7), pp. 001-005, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
The role of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms
Sh. Mehrvarz1, S. A. Fanaei1 and S. A. Ziaee2*
1Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, Baqyiatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
2Emergency Department, Erfan Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 17 March, 2020
Abstract
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard treatment for symptomatic gall stone disease. This study is aimed at assessing the effect of the operation on patients' symptoms. 175 unselected consecutive patients admitted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy between June 2007 and June 2008 were recruited into the study. A standard questionnaire examined pain and other dyspeptic symptoms. Histories of psychiatric disturbances and gastroscopy were also evaluated. Bloating, glubus sensation and regurgitation were not cured by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The cure rates for vomiting and non typical pain were in excess of 70%. Our study confirms that some symptoms are not alleviated by the operation. Furthermore, surgeons should be aware that the sub -group of patients whose preoperative symptoms include bloating, regurgitation and glubus sensation and who have required psychotrophic drugs may in fact have 'silent gall stones' and irritable bowel syndrome. Such patients are unlikely to benefit from laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Key words: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, bloating, glubus sensation, regurgitation, gastroscopy.
S. A. Fanaei and S. A. Ziaee*, Sh. Mehrvarz
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
International Journal of Medical Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 9 (7), pp. 001-004, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
Role of fluoroquinolones in two-weeks triple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in Iranian population
Homayoun Zojaji1*, Dariush Mirsattari2, Vadoud Ahrari Roudi3, Babak Salehimarzijarani1 and Mohammadreza Zali1
1Gastroenterology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 12 May, 2020
Abstract
Despite reports on high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection especially in developing countries, considerable low H. pylori eradication rate has been shown following different triple therapies. The present study has for the first time assessed and compared the efficacy of the two 14day PPI-based triple therapies with and without a fluoroquinolone among an Iranian population. Two hundred and seventy patients with peptic ulcer and positive H. pylori infection were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment protocols. A 14day triple therapy comprising omeprazole 20 mg, amoxicillin 1 g and ofloxacin 400 mg (OAO group) and a 14 day triple regimen comprising omeprazole 20 mg plus amoxicillin 1 g and clarithromycin 500 mg (OAC group) all given twice daily. Cure was defined as a negative urea breath test at least four weeks after the end of treatment. Among 135 patients in each group, 129 patients in OAO group (95.6%) and 100 patients in OAC group (74.1%) could continue treatment protocols and underwent 13C-urea breath testing while other ones discontinued because of any intolerable adverse events. The per-protocol eradication rates achieved with OAC regimen was significantly higher than the OAO treatment protocol (89.0 vs 73.6%). Two-week PPI- based triple therapy including amoxicillin and clarithromycin is already an effective regimen for H. Pylori eradication while triple therapy comprising ofloxacin is not a recommendable schedule because of high increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones among the Iranian population.
Key words: Helicobacter pylori, therapy, resistance, antibiotic.
Dariush Mirsattari, Homayoun Zojaji*, Vadoud Ahrari Roudi, Babak Salehimarzijarani and Mohammadreza Zali
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
International Journal of Medical Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 9 (7), pp. 001-013, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
Impact of patient- and intervention-related factors on the outcome of acute biliary pancreatitis treated by urgent ERCP and biliary sphincterotomy
József Pozsár1*, Ferenc László2, Ildikó Brandhuber3, Péter Sahin1 and Lajos Topa1
1Department of Gastroenterology, Szent Imre Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.
2Department of Comparative Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
3Medical Faculty, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Accepted 19 June, 2020
Abstract
Risk factors of post- ERCP pancreatitis are well characterized in various clinical settings. These factors may worsen the outcome of acute biliary pancreatitis treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy. Our aim was to investigate the effect of patient- and intervention- related factors on the outcome of acute biliary pancreatitis treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy. The data of 69 retrospectively analyzed using multiple logistic regression method to explore factors significantly associated with the outcome of pancreatitis. We found that multi-system organ failure was associated with predicted severe pancreatitis (odds ratio [OR] 24.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35 – 434.76; p = 0.030), condition of previous cholecystectomy (OR 23.94; 95% CI: 1.58 – 361.03; p = 0.022) and the performance of access precut sphincterotomy (OR 21.34; 95% CI: 1.32 – 344.92; p = 0.031). Predictors of development of necrosis were post- sphincterotomy bleeding (OR 52.01; 95% CI: 1.67 – 1617.54; p = 0.024), the predicted severe pancreatitis at admission (OR 20.30; 95% CI: 2.92 – 141.19; p = 0.002) and female gender (OR 6.70; 95% CI: 1.00 – 44.73; p = 0.049). The single variable post- cholecystectomy state proved to be a predictor of mortality (OR 13.40; 95% CI: 1.5- ; p = 0.026). We concluded that the outcome of acute biliary pancreatitis treated by ERCP and biliary sphincterotomy of acute biliary pancreatitis is influenced by certain patient- and intervention-related factors.
Key words: Acute biliary pancreatitis, sphincterotomy, risk- factors, outcome.
József Pozsár*, Péter Sahin and Lajos Topa, Ildikó Brandhuber, Ferenc László
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