ISSN 2756-3278
Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management ISSN 2756-3278 Vol. 8 (10), pp. 001-006, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Nutritional evaluation of fermented palm kernel cake using red tilapia
F. B. Iluyemi1, M. M. Hanafi2*, O. Radziah1 and M. S. Kamarudin3
1Depatment of Land Management Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400-Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
2Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400-Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
3Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400-Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Accepted 22 September, 2020
Abstract
The use of palm kernel cake (PKC) and other plant residues in fish feeding especially under extensive aquaculture have been in practice for a long time. On the other hand, the use of microbial-based feedstuff is increasing. In this study, the performance of red tilapia raised on Trichoderma longibrachiatum fermented PKC (TL-PKC) was evaluated. Seven isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated. Reference diet, D1 had no PKC, while the other diets, D2 to D5 contained 10, 20, 30 and 40% fermented PKC (TL-PKC), respectively. All diets contained 1% chromic oxide as an inert marker. Red tilapias of average weight of 2.5 g were fed on these six diets for a period of 8 weeks. The fish were fed at 4% of their body weight, twice a day. There was no difference in mortality rate of fish on the various diets used. However, weight gain decreased with an increase of TL-PKC in diets. There were significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences in the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of protein and dry matter between the reference diet and diet containing TL-PKC. The ADC of both protein and dry matter generally decrease when the percentage TL-PKC was increased in the test diets. There was also no significant difference in carcass protein content among fish on the various diets. However, there was a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in the levels of phosphorus, calcium and copper in the carcass of fish raised on TL-PKC, but the level of lipids was significantly reduced. Decreasing dry matter and protein digestibility with corresponding weight reduction may have resulted from increased crude fibre content of diets with TL-PKC.
Key words: Palm kernel cake, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, red tilapia, fermentation.