Youth Radicalization, Prisons as Extremist Recruitment Hubs, and the Structural Limits of Modern Rehabilitation Frameworks in East Africa

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 13, No. 6, June 2022 | pp. 46–54

DOI: 10.46882/2022/GJPCS/130601

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Youth Radicalization, Prisons as Extremist Recruitment Hubs, and the Structural Limits of Modern Rehabilitation Frameworks in East Africa

Authors: Fatuma Hussein¹, Purity W. Kamau²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Sociology and Social Work, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya; ²School of Law, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract:
This study investigates the structural dynamics of violent extremist recruitment within carceral institutions across East Africa, evaluating the long-term efficacy of state-sponsored rehabilitation and de-radicalization initiatives. Employing a comprehensive qualitative policy review alongside detailed behavioral case profiles of 82 former detainees, we analyze how high-security prison systems function as spaces for radical ideological transmission. The empirical evidence demonstrates that overcrowding, severe administrative isolation, and abusive disciplinary practices create an environment where vulnerable, non-violent offenders are rapidly integrated into sophisticated extremist networks. Quantitative indicators establish that states relying primarily on high-security carceral containment show a 55% higher recidivism rate among former inmates compared to states integrating community-based open rehabilitation pathways. The research highlights how current counter-radicalization frameworks fail because they focus heavily on theological re-education while ignoring the structural drivers of alienation: widespread economic exclusion and systemic judicial corruption. We conclude that sustainable security sector reform requires decoupling low-risk offenders from radical inmate populations and expanding post-release employment support structures.

Keywords: Youth Radicalization; Carceral Institutions; East Africa; De-Radicalization; Security Sector Reform; Recidivism

Manuscript Timeline: Received: December 10, 2020; Revised: February 20, 2021; Accepted: April 15, 2021; Published: June 15, 2022

Citation: Hussein, F., & Kamau, P. W. (2022). Youth Radicalization, Prisons as Extremist Recruitment Hubs, and the Structural Limits of Modern Rehabilitation Frameworks in East Africa. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 13(6), 46–54. DOI: 10.46882/2022/GJPCS/130601

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 13, No. 7, July 2022 | pp. 55–63

DOI: 10.46882/2022/GJPCS/130701

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: The Impact of UN Peacekeeping Mandates on Local Security: A Comparative Analysis of MINUSMA Defensive Tactics in Northern Mali

Authors: Amina J. Diallo¹, Elena Rostova²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali; ²Department of International Relations, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom

Abstract:
The United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) operates within an asymmetric security landscape where peacekeepers are frequently targeted by violent non-state actors. This paper evaluates the operational effectiveness of MINUSMA's civilian protection mandate in northern Mali, focusing on the structural limits of static versus mobile force deployments from 2019 to 2021. Drawing on field data and key informant interviews with 42 humanitarian coordinators and local community leaders, we analyze the tactical constraints facing UN forces. The findings reveal that while static UN operating bases protect immediate urban centers, they leave surrounding rural villages exposed to targeted insurgent attacks and communal violence. Statistical analysis indicates that regions dependent on static peacekeeping garrisons report a 48% higher rate of rural civilian displacements following asymmetric skirmishes. The study demonstrates that a risk-averse military culture, combined with severe logistical deficits in helicopter mobility, prevents proactive patrolling beyond major transit routes. We conclude that enhancing civilian safety requires transforming peacekeeping frameworks to prioritize highly mobile, decentralized tactical units capable of rapid deployment to remote areas.

Keywords: MINUSMA; Peacekeeping Operations; Protection of Civilians; Mali Insurgency; Asymmetric Warfare; Livelihood Displacement

Manuscript Timeline: Received: January 05, 2021; Revised: March 18, 2021; Accepted: May 02, 2021; Published: July 18, 2022

Citation: Diallo, A. J., & Rostova, E. (2022). The Impact of UN Peacekeeping Mandates on Local Security: A Comparative Analysis of MINUSMA Defensive Tactics in Northern Mali. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 13(7), 55–63. DOI: 10.46882/2022/GJPCS/130701

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