ISSN 2167-0447
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 10 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
An assessment of genetic diversity among marula populations using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique
Kgabo Moganedi1*, Mbudzeni Sibara2, Paul Grobler3,4 and Elisabeth Goyvaerts1,5
1Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, University of
Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106 Sovenga, 0727 - South Africa.
2Office of Deputy Vice Chancellor, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106 Sovenga, 0727, South Africa.
3Department of Biodiversity, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106 Sovenga, 0727 - South Africa.
4Department of Genetics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300 - South Africa.
5Kitso Biotech Pty Ltd, 23 Fernvilla P1, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa.
Accepted 26 October, 2019
Abstract
Marula is a wild-growing dioecious leafy tree species indigenous to Africa. The species exhibits a high phenotypic variability, especially in fruit size and quality and these traits are exploited by indigenous communities for commercial gain. As a first step towards assessing the relationship between the phenotypic and genotypic properties of the marula species, the genetic structure of natural marula populations was assessed using the Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP ) technique. Seven primer combinations were used to assess the degree of genetic diversity within and among natural marula sampled from the Bochum, Tzaneen and Nelspruit areas of South Africa. A total 141 unambiguous bands were amplified, of which 83 (59%) displayed polymorphism in one or more populations. Representative levels of genetic diversity were observed within all local populations. Coefficients of genetic differentiation showed evidence of drift among populations from the Limpopo-and Mpumalanga Provinces. A Bayesian assignment technique supported this trend, and suggested a true genetic structure of two populations, containing the Limpopo and Mpumalanga trees respectively. This diversity provides a plausible foundation for the marked phenotypic variation observed in marula, and suggest genetic diversity to provide for artificial selection during future artificial propagation programmes is present.
Key words: Sclerocarya birrea, marula, genetic diversity, genetic structure, amplified fragment length polymorphism.