ISSN 2329-9800
International Journal of Microbiology Research and Reviews ISSN 2329-9800, Vol. 11 (8), pp. 001-008, August, 2022. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The aqueous extract of Codiaeum variegatum and its fractions exhibit in vitro antiparasitic activity against Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis
Sylvain Nsangou Pechangou1, Emmanuel Mfotie Njoya1, Frederic Nico Njayou1, Kapil Goyal2, Rakesh Sehgal2 and Paul Fewou Moundipa1
1Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon
2Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Research and Education 160012 Chandigarh, India.
Accepted 24 July, 2022
Abstract
The leaf decoction of Codiaeum variegatum is used by Cameroonian local population in the treatment of intestinal infections. The present study was carried out to investigate the antiparasitic activity of the aqueous extract of C. variegatum and its fractions against axenic culture of G. lamblia and T. vaginalis. Trophozoites of G. lamblia, and T. vaginalis were incubated separately with different concentrations of leaf aqueous extract of C. variegatum fractions and sub-fractions for 24 and 48 hours. Metronidazole was used as the positive control. The viability of trophozoites determined by using the quantitative colorimetric [3-(4,5-dimethilthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] (MTT)technique. All the extract fractions and sub-fractions were active against G. lamblia and T. vaginalis. The sub-fraction SF9B showed the highest antiparasitic activity against G. lamblia and T. vaginalis after 48 hours, but remain lower compared to metronidazole. Sub-fraction SF9, and SF9B2 showed moderate antiparasitic activities. Methanol, ethyl acetate fractions and aqueous extract exhibited low antiparasitic activities. However, no significant difference was observed between the anti-trichomonal activity of the methanol fraction compared to that of the SF9B2 (89.35 ± 5.02µg/mL) sub-fraction of C. variegatum after 48h of incubation. The aqueous extract, methanol, fraction, ethyl acetate, and sub-fractions SF9, SF9B and SF9B2 isolated from Codiaeum variegatum exhibited giardicidal and antitrichomonal activities therefore supporting the medicinal usage of this plant against intestinal infections.
Key words: Codiaeum variegatum, Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis,