ISSN 2167-0404
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN: 2167-0404 Vol. 2 (12), pp. 284-289, December, 2012. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Genetic markers for trait anxiety as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (WHO-MONICA Program and MONICA-Psychosocial Subprogram)
Valery V. Gafarov,1,2*, Mikhail I. Voevoda,2,3, Elena A. Gromova,1,2, Vladimir N. Maksimov,2,3,
Igor V. Gagulin,1,2, Nikolay S. Yudin,3, Almira V. Gafarova,1,2 and Tatiana M. Mishakova3
1Federal State Budgetary Institution the Research Institute of Internal Medicine of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
2Federal State Budgetary Institution the Interdepartmental Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
3Cytology and Genetics Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Received 18 September, 2012; Accepted 01 December, 2012
Abstract
Anxiety is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The objectives of the study were to determine trait anxiety prevalence; to find associations between trait anxiety and VNTR polymorphisms in the DRD4 and DAT genes; and to calculate relative risks (RR) for developing arterial hypertension (AH), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. Representative sample of 25 to 64-year-old males (n = 2149) was examined in three screening studies in a framework of the WHO MONICA program and MONICA-psychosocial subprogram in Novosibirsk in 1984, 1988, and 1994. All first time MI, AH, and stroke events were registered. Genotyping of VNTR polymorphism was performed for DRD4 and DAT genes. Anxiety levels were evaluated by Spielberger’s test. Stratified cox proportional regression model was used for RR estimation. High level of anxiety (HLA) was 50.9%. The DRD4 genotype 4/6 and DAT genotype 9/9 were significantly associated with HLA increasing CVD risk. Stroke and AH risks were maximal during the first five years, whereas maximal MI risk was found for 10-year period. Prevalence of HLA in Novosibirsk was high. Rates of HLA were significantly associated with certain VNTR polymorphisms in the DRD4 and DAT genes. High levels of anxiety were associated with increased CVD risk.
Key words: Trait anxiety, DRD4 gene, DAT gene, cardiovascular disease risk, cardiovascular disease.