Seroprevalence, Genotypic Distribution, and Risk Factors of Human Papillomavirus Profiles among Women Attending Cervical Screening

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences | Vol. 14, No. 1, January 2024 | pp. 1–8

DOI: 10.46882/2024/IJMMS/140001

Original Research Article

Seroprevalence, Genotypic Distribution, and Risk Factors of Human Papillomavirus Profiles among Women Attending Cervical Screening

Patrick O. Diallo¹, Cynthia U. Nwachukwu², Jean-Pierre B. Diop¹*

¹Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.

²Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria.

Abstract:

Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes is the primary driver of cervical carcinogenesis, requiring localized epidemiological mapping. This cross-sectional analytical study investigated the seroprevalence, specific sub-genotypic distributions, and socio-demographic risk factors of HPV infection among women attending routine cervical cancer screening clinics. Cervical swabs and blood samples were collected from 500 women aged 18 to 65 years. HPV DNA detection and genotypic characterization were performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by a reverse line blot assay. The overall prevalence of cervical HPV DNA was found to be 22.4% (112/500). High-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes predominated, accounting for 73.2% (82/112) of the positive cases. Genotypic mapping revealed that HPV-16 was the most common variant (42.7%), followed by HPV-18 (24.4%), HPV-35 (14.6%), and HPV-45 (9.8%). Multiple genotype infections were confirmed in 18.3% of the positive cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several independent risk factors associated with HR-HPV infection: an age under 30 years (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.8–5.8, p < 0.01), early coarche ≤ 16 years (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.2–4.8, p < 0.05), and a history of smoking (OR = 2.1, p < 0.05). The burden of high-risk HPV variants, particularly types 16 and 18, is substantial in this screening population. These empirical findings support the implementation of routine primary HPV DNA screening protocols and emphasize the need to expand national adolescent HPV vaccination campaigns to reduce cervical cancer risk.

Keywords: Human Papillomavirus, Cervical Screening, High-Risk Genotypes, HPV-16, Polyacrylamide PCR, Risk Factors

Manuscript Timeline: Received: October 10, 2023; Revised: November 18, 2023; Accepted: December 08, 2023; Published: January 12, 2024.

Citation: Diallo PO, Nwachukwu CU, Diop JPB. Seroprevalence, Genotypic Distribution, and Risk Factors of Human Papillomavirus Profiles among Women Attending Cervical Screening. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2024, 14(1): 1–8. DOI: 10.46882/2024/IJMMS/140001

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