International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences | Vol. 15, No. 8, August 2025 | pp. 57–64

DOI: 10.46882/2025/IJMMS/150057

Original Research Article

Cardioprotective and Antiapoptotic Actions of Galanthamine hydrobromide against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Wistar Rats

Amina R. Abubakar¹, George K. Mwangi², Thomas O. Adeyemi¹*

¹Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.

²Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

Abstract:

Myocardial injury driven by acute catecholamine toxicity induces severe intracellular oxidative collapse and localized cell apoptosis. This experimental animal study examined the cardioprotective and antiapoptotic potential of Galanthamine hydrobromide (GHB) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in male Wistar rats. Thirty adult rats were randomly assigned to five equal groups: Normal Control, ISO-alone (85 mg/kg, subcutaneously on days 27 and 28), GHB-alone (5 mg/kg, orally for 28 days), and two treatment groups receiving GHB (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) orally for 28 consecutive days prior to ISO induction. Cardiac functional preservation was evaluated via diagnostic enzyme levels, tissue lipid peroxidation indicators, and histopathology. Subcutaneous induction with ISO caused severe cardiac damage, indicated by significant elevations in serum Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB) (88.4 ± 6.5 U/L vs. 29.2 ± 3.1 U/L in controls, p < 0.01) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) (224.8 ± 15.6 U/L vs. 94.2 ± 8.2 U/L, p < 0.01). ISO also significantly increased tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and reduced myocardial superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities (p < 0.01). Pre-treatment with GHB (especially at 5 mg/kg) significantly protected against these injuries, maintaining CK-MB at 38.2 ± 4.2 U/L and LDH at 115.4 ± 9.1 U/L (p < 0.01 vs. ISO group). GHB lowered lipid peroxidation and preserved endogenous antioxidant defenses. Histopathology confirmed these findings, showing a preservation of myofibrillar architecture and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Galanthamine hydrobromide offers substantial protection against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury by suppressing oxidative stress and maintaining membrane integrity.

Keywords: Galanthamine hydrobromide, Myocardial Infarction, Isoproterenol, Antioxidant Enzymes, Lipid Peroxidation, Cardioprotection

Manuscript Timeline: Received: May 12, 2025; Revised: June 20, 2025; Accepted: July 11, 2025; Published: August 14, 2025.

Citation: Abubakar AR, Mwangi GK, Adeyemi TO. Cardioprotective and Antiapoptotic Actions of Galanthamine hydrobromide against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Wistar Rats. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2025, 15(8): 57–64. DOI: 10.46882/2025/IJMMS/150057

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