ISSN 2756-3324
African Journal of Medicine and Surgery ISSN 3156-8734 Vol. 3 (2), pp. 064-068, February, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Levels of nitric oxide in gastric juice of smokers and non-smokers with active peptic ulcer
Mostafa Salami1, Anousheh P. Omidyar2, Pierre Fattah1*, Kamran Ansari3, Hossein Daneshjoo 4 and Mohammad Shah5
1Department of Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tehran Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Liver & Gastrointestinal & Diseases, Liver & Gastrointestinal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, East-Azerbaijan, Iran.
3Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
4Department of Biology, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, East-Azerbaijan, Iran. 5Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, East-Azerbaijan, Iran.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 21 January, 2016
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have shown that smoking is a major factor in development of malignancies in various human tissues. Smoke from every cigarette contains more than 600 µg nitric oxide radical (NO°) in gas phase. As a result of oxidation of nitrogen in gradients of tobacco and likely atmospheric nitrogen, more than 100 µg NO° is released in cigarette smoke which goes over human palate directly and without any filtering. In this research, we studied levels of nitric oxide in gastric juice of smokers and non-smokers afflicted with active peptic ulcer. Among persons referred to gastroenterology clinic, 43 smoker patients (14 men and 29 women) with average age of 45/30±13/16 who were afflicted with active peptic ulcer were determined as the case group, 43 non-smokers (13 men and 30 women) without peptide ulcer with average age of 42/67±16/04 were determined as the first control group, 43 smokers (16 men and 27 women) without peptic ulcer, with an average age of 44/58±12/07, were determined as the second control group and 43 non-smokers (23 men and 40 women) with peptic ulcer, with an average age of 45/37±13/39, were determined as the third control group. Levels of nitric oxide in gastric juice in the four groups were assessed by means of Griess colorimetric method. Compared to control groups 1 and 3, levels of nitric oxide in the case group showed a meaningful increase (in both groups, P˂0/0001) while nitric oxide levels in gastric juice of the case group and control group 2 (smokers without active peptic ulcer) did not have any meaningful difference (p=0/656). The results of this study ascertain that damage to the gastric tissue is in direct relationship with toxic elements in cigarette smoke especially NO° radical. It is very likely that peroxynitrite radical (ONOO-), which resulted from rapid reaction between NO° and O2°, is responsible for these injuries. ONOO - is a powerful oxidant and nitrating element that can promote reactions of HO°, nitrosoniume (NO2°) and nitrogen dioxide.
Key words: Active peptic ulcer, cigarette smoking, nitric oxide, nitrosative stress.