ISSN 2167-0447
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 4(12), pp. 351-366, December, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A practical study for new design of essential oils extraction apparatus using ohmic heating
Asaad Rehman Saeed Al-Hilphy
Food Sciences Department, Agriculture College, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq.
Email: [email protected]
Accepted 24 July, 2014
Abstract
Ohmic heated hydro-distillation (OHHD) apparatus was designed and manufactured in the food engineering Laboratory, Agriculture College, Basrah University. It consists of poles, glass condenser, plastic cylinder and voltage regulator. OHHD at 60, 70 and 80 V and hydro-distillation (HD) (conventional method) are compared and evaluated in extraction time, input power, energy consumption of essential oil, heating rate, essential oil yield, predicted yield, specific gravity, reflective index and chemical composition by using GC-MS. Eucalyptus oil was extracted from dried Eucalyptus leaves using OHHD at 60, 70, 80 V and HD. The results showed that OHHD at 60, 70, 80 V and HD have the extraction time of 110, 90, 70 and 142 min. respectively, and essential oil yield were 1.64, 1.90, 2.19 and 1.36 % respectively. Also, the energy consumption of essential oil by using OHHD at 60, 70 and 80 V was significantly (p<0.05) lesser than HD. As well as, the input power (kW) at using OHHD was lesser than HD. The higher heating rate was by using OHHD at 80 V. Fick’s second law of one-dimensional unsteady-state diffusion was applied, and both transfer kinetic coefficients increased with increasing applied voltage. However, there is no significant differences among OHHD at 60, 70, 80 V and HD for the specific gravity and reflective index. GC-MS analysis of the Eucalyptus leaves essential oil revealed the presence of 29, 30, 27 and 28 compounds from the OHHD at 60, 70, 80 V and HD respectively.
Key words: Ohmic heating, eucalyptus leaves, essential oil, hydro-distillation, oil yield.