ISSN 2329-9835
International Journal of Diseases and Disorders ISSN: 2329-9835 Vol. 2 (6), pp. 065-073, June, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Review Paper
Prophylaxis and treatment of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus
*Obimba Kelechukwu Clarence, Belonwu Chuka Donatus1 and Eziuzor, Chukwunyelum Samuel2
*Department of Biochemistry, School of Science, Federal University of Technology Owerri.
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Portharcourt. Rivers State. Nigeria.
2Department of Biological Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Rhema University Aba. Abia State. Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 26, May 2 014
Abstract
The aim of this study is to review literature on diabetes mellitus disease in the light of recent advances in research made on the prevention and treatment of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Drinking a barley extract–enriched beverage, physical exercise, and dietary intake of rich sources of calcium, increased insulin secretion and reduced insulin resistance. Insulin analogs e.g insulin lispro, insulin glargine and insulin aspart, improved the therapeutic properties of insulin, without an increase in hypoglycemic events. Self activation of the islets of Langerhan stem cell and stem cell transplantation was effective in curing diabetes. A compound labeled, CP-316819, binds at a regulatory inhibitor site pocket, of the less-active b form of glycogen phosphorylase, so preventing its transformation to the more active a form of the enzyme, and thus serving as a chemotherapy of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Cinnamon has blood sugar-lowering properties, Grape seed extracts have a therapeutic role in decreasing cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetic human subjects. Metformin causes a reduction in cellular cAMP levels and decreased protein kinase A (PKA) activation and target phosphorylation, thus suppressing glucose production by the liver. The diet most often recommended for diabetic patients is high in soluble dietary fiber, low in saturated fat, moderate in some essential fatty acids (EFAs), low in sugar, with low glycemic Index. A vegan diet is effective in managing type 2 diabetes.
Key words: Hypoglycemic, Islets of Langerhan, Glycogen phosphorylase, Chemotherapy, Insulin.