ISSN 2375-0731
African Journal of Pig Farming Vol. 1 (4), pp. 042-047, December, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Seasonal changes in body condition scores of pigs and chemical composition of pig feed resources in a semi-arid smallholder farming area of Zimbabwe
Orbert C. Chikwanha1, Tinyiko E. Halimani1, Michael Chimonyo2*, Kennedy Dzama3 and Evison Bhebhe4
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe,
P. O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
2Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag
X1314, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
3Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1 Matieland, South Africa.
4Department of Paraclinical Veterinary Studies, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 23 August, 2013
Abstract
There are few studies quantifying the productivity of rural pigs and evaluating the nutritive value of non-conventional feeds, such as weeds. The objectives of this study were to determine changes in body condition scores of boars and lactating sows and investigate changes in the chemical composition of commonly used pig feed resources in a smallholder farming area of Zimbabwe. Body condition scores (BCS) were measured monthly between October and April. Commelina benghalensis (wandering jew) and Richardia brasiliensis (Mexican clover) were collected monthly, between October and March, for proximate and amino acid analysis. Sows had lower BCS than boars (P<0.05). The Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents of C. benghalensis were lower (P<0.05) than those of R. brasiliensis. C. benghalensis had about twice the amount of crude protein (CP) compared to R. brasiliensis. Lysine, methionine and cysteine, which are the most important amino acids in pig nutrition, were similar in groundnut hulls and R. brasiliensis. C. benghalensis had higher (P<0.05) levels of threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine, leucine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine, arginine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine than R. brasiliensis. The proportion of essential amino acids (EAA) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in R. brasiliensis. A further study to determine the digestibility and growth performance of pigs fed on these non-conventional diets is needed.
Keywords: Rural pig production, body condition scoring, Commelina benghalensis, proximate analysis, Richardia brasiliensis