ISSN 2169-303X
International Journal of Medicinal Plant Research Vol. 1 (3), pp. 026-031, August, 2012. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of phytochemical constituents and in vitro antibacterial activity of organic solvent fractions of ganoderma lucidum methanolic extract
Shamaki BU1 , Geidam YA1, Abdulrahma F.2, Ogbe AO3, and Sandabe UK1.
1Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Bama Road, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Bama Road, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
3Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Nassarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Authurs’ Email: [email protected]
Received 20 July, 2012; Accepted 10 August, 2012
Abstract
The phytochemical constituents and the antibacterial activity of different organic solvent extracts (methanol, Ethyl acetate and n-butanol), of the wild mushroom- Ganoderma lucidum was evaluated. Phytochemical analysis of the three soluble fractions of the Ganoderma lucidum methanolic extract indicates that methanol and n-butanol fraction extracts contain; flavonoids, carbohydrates, tanins, cardiac glycosides, saponins and terpenoids, while as in case of ethyl acetate fraction the result obtained indicate the presence of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, saponins and terpenoids. The inhibitory activity of the test extracts against some bacterial organisms was investigated by the disc diffusion method, using various concentrations of 200mgml-1, 150mgml-1, 100mgml-1, 50mgml-1 and 25mgml-1. Ethylacetate extract fraction exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Resistance by the test microbes was observed against methanolic and n-butanolic fractions. However, most of them showed susceptibility to ethyl acetate extract fraction except Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aeroginosa that showed resistance. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test showed Corynebacterium pyogene, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiela pneumoneae strains were the most sensitive, showing susceptibility at lower concentrations of 12.5mg ml-1, followed by Pseudomonas aeroginosa and P. mirabilis. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) result showed that ethyl acetate soluble fraction has more bactericodal activity against K. pneumoneae at a concentration as low as 12.5mg ml-1. The inhibitory effect of the test extract against the tested microbes was less than that of the standard antibiotic-AmpicloxR (Ampicillin + Cloxacillin).The extract showed its potentials as an antibacterial agent that should be exploited.
Keywords: Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Organic solvent fractions, Ganoderma lucidum Extracts, Ampiclox.R