Relativistic Hydrodynamic Modeling of Particle Production Cascades in Asymmetric Proton-Gold Collisions

International Journal of Physics | Vol. 7, No. 8, August 2016 | pp. 57–64

DOI: 10.46882/2016/IJP/000076

Research Article

Title: Relativistic Hydrodynamic Modeling of Particle Production Cascades in Asymmetric Proton-Gold Collisions

Names of Authors: H. L. Mueller¹, A. M. El-Sayed²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany; ²Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract: Asymmetric proton-gold (p-Au) collisions provide a crucial baseline for isolating cold nuclear matter effects from the collective signature of the quark-gluon plasma. This study presents a relativistic hydrodynamic modeling framework to simulate particle production cascades in p-Au collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 200.0 GeV per nucleon pair. We utilized a 3+1 dimensional viscous hydrodynamic code coupled with a statistical hadronization module to compute transverse momentum spectra and azimuthal anisotropy coefficients. The initial energy density profiles were generated using a Glauber-Gribov color-fluctuation model to capture sub-nucleon scale configurations. The numerical simulations show that expanding systems build a substantial radial flow profile, which shifts the mean transverse momentum of protons up to 1.35 GeV/c in high-multiplicity events. The calculated elliptic flow coefficient (v²) displays a strong mass-ordering effect, which matches experimental measurements gathered by RHIC detectors within a tight ±6.0% margin. This close agreement suggests that small-scale systems generated in p-Au collisions can achieve brief hydrodynamic collective expansion. These findings help clarify the boundaries of fluid-like behavior in high-energy subatomic particle interactions.

Keywords: Relativistic hydrodynamics; particle production; proton-gold collisions; elliptic flow; color-fluctuation model; statistical hadronization

Manuscript Timeline: Received: April 05, 2016; Revised: June 01, 2016; Accepted: June 28, 2016; Published: August 14, 2016

Citation: Mueller, H. L., & El-Sayed, A. M. (2016). Relativistic Hydrodynamic Modeling of Particle Production Cascades in Asymmetric Proton-Gold Collisions. International Journal of Physics, 7(8), 57–64.

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