ISSN 2375-1096
International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture ISSN: 2375-1096 Vol. 9 (10), pp. 001-011, October, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The influence of host tree morphology and stem size on epiphyte biomass distribution in Lusenga Plains National Park, Zambia
Chansa Chomba1*, Rhamadhani Senzota2, Harry Chabwela3 and Vincent Nyirenda4
1Chansa Chomba Zambia Wildlife Authority,Directorate of Research, Planning, Information and Veterinary Services, P/B 1 Chilanga, Zambia.
2University of Dar es Salaam, Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, P. O. Box 35065, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zambia, P. O. Box 32379 Lusaka, Zambia.
4Zambia Wildlife Authority, P/B 1 Chilanga, Zambia.
Accepted 19 September, 2021
Abstract
The influence of host tree morphology and stem size on epiphyte biomass distribution in host trees was assessed in Lusenga Plains National Park, Zambia for the period 2004 to 2007. A total of 8 ha were sampled in bush land, woodland and riparian forest vegetation communities. Epiphytes were collected, dried and weighed to obtain biomass, which was apportioned between different host tree species, vertical and horizontal branches, crown and trunk, and small, medium, and large stems, as well as smooth and rough bole textured substrates. Horizontal branches had more epiphytes, 50% than vertical branches (17%). Tree canopies had more epiphyte biomass, 68% than trunks (32%). In riparian forests Usnea articulata and Ramalina reticulata were not selective. In Miombo woodlands, epiphytes and certain tree species with larger stems and rough bore texture were selected. Larger substrates dbh > 100 cm had higher epiphyte biomass (94.46%) followed by medium dbh 51 to 100 cm (5.29%) and the least was on small girth dbh ≥ 20 to 50 cm (0.25%). Rough substrates had 89% biomass and only 11% occurred on smooth bole substrates. It was concluded that tree crowns, horizontal stems and branches, large and rough bole textured tree substrates provided suitable habitat for epiphyte seed settling, germination and moisture retention, while exposure to sunlight supported germination and growth of epiphytes. Maintenance of mature Miombo woodlands was therefore found to be critical in maintaining epiphytes, while protection of preferred tree species would ensure their long-term survival and sustenance of hydrologic functions.
Key words: Epiphyte, host, pattern, biomass, crown, trunk, horizontal, vertical.