African Journal of Geography and Regional Planning

African Journal of Geography and Regional Planning ISSN 3627-8945 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-007, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Petrographic identification and physical behavior of building materials in the archeological site of "Banasa" (Morocco)

El Amrani Redaa Allah^1,2, Ben Moussa Abdelkhalak¹, García Del Cura Ma Angeles^2,3 and El Kharim Younes¹

¹Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tétouan (Morocco)

²Laboratorio de Petrología Aplicada. Unidad Asociada Universidad de Alicante – CSIC (Spain)

³Instituto de Geociencias, CSIC-UCM (Spain)

Accepted 02 July, 2020

Abstract

The archaeological site of "Banasa" is a historical heritage which is an asset of cultural tourism in the region of Gharb (Morocco). A petrographic characterization was carried out for the building materials of the site, and for the lithofacies which resemble to those of "Banasa" and come from geological formations close to the site. Comparison of the results allowed us to identify the different lithofacies of the site, found in majority to be sedimentary rocks, originated from well known geological formations of which we have determined the locations in this study. The three most abundant lithofacies are i) calcarénites from Bouknadel, ii) Biocalcarenites from Lalla Zahra, and iii) quaternary sandstone from the Gharb. A study of the physical behavior (density, porosity, water absorption, permeability and resistance to salt crystallization) of these three most abundant lithofacies was performed. The results showed that the calcarénites and the Biocalcarenites hold more porosity (respectively 16.76% and 14.87%) than the sandstones (8.82%). According to the salt crystallization tests, the sandstone samples have lost more than 10% of their weight, which means, that these sandstones have a low resistance to the salt crystallization than that of the two others lithofacies. This is likely a direct result of the pore size, which is smaller in the case of sandstones. The valuable results obtained in this study will serve as a database for a future restoration of the site, and to ensure a better preservation of this heritage.

Keywords: Petrographic study, Physical behavior, Building materials, Geographic origin, Archeological site of "Banasa".